Comparison And Contrast Between Achilles And Hector History Essay

Comparison And Contrast Between Achilles And b bothyrag History EssayHomers metrical composition The Iliad is an epic poem that describes the majority of the fighting between Hellenic and trojan. The purpose of this essay is to enhance our critical tuition and writing skills. The mean of this is essay is compare and contrast between Achilles and strong-arm discussing the similarities between two protagonists of the poem the Iliad. I think its definitive to be sure that we have a complete understanding of the things being compared because it pass on be much easier to write a critical essay. The poem was write by Homer who is gener eithery considered being unitary of the astir(predicate) Copernican poets and authors of the eighth century. Also, Homer has had an enormous influence on the history of literature and he has a particular form of writing. To my understanding, He had the ability to grok feel in a different way because he wrote close ab discover of the vital ity in classic and war their respective times. The poem the Iliad is very chief(prenominal) and interesting because He teaches musical compositiony good things about the life of one person during the war.The main protagonists of the Poem are Achilles who is considered as the grandest warrior in the world. Achilles is the son of Peleus, the former king of the Myrmidons, and a ocean nymph named Thetis. Patroclus is Greek warrior and be sack outd companion of Achilles. Menelaus is King of Sparta and brother of Agamemnon and he is who his wife, Helen, was taken by prince Paris Trojan, aft(prenominal), was small-armage that the Greeks declared war on troy weight.Agamemnon is Commander of the Greek armies and son of Atreus, the king of Mycenae. Hector is prince of Trojan and lordly the bravest of the Trojan warriors. Priam is King of Troy. Andromache is noble and dedicated wife from Hectors. Paris is Prince Trojan and who took Helen from Menelaus. Zeus is King of the gods, who pr efers to remain neutral in the war provided he intervenes after a plea for help. Hera is Queen of the gods, who favors the Greeks. Apollo is revered like a god of light and the sun, who sides with the Trojans. Thetis is known as the goddess of water, who is the mother of Achilles. Although cost many most protagonist further to me them are most important. (Harold Bloom) correspond to Egbert Haverkamp Begemann , Homer was a writer whose writing manifests of the wars between Greek and Trojan. The Iliad, the subordinate is war. The Greek the States has traveled to Troy to battle the Trojan military by the recused Menelaus wife Helen from Paris , resulting in a war that rages on for the better part of a ten year. To me the three most important and relevant protagonist of the Iliad is Achilles, Hector and Patroclus. Achilles fights for the Greek army and is considered the grandest of the Greek warriors. Patroclus is the most loyal commander from Achilles and considered like brother of war of the great Achilles. While Hector, who fights for the Trojan army, he is not only a prince of Troy is also considered the greatest of the Trojan warriors.Achilles and Hector are most important characters in the Iliad because they are respected and revered as heroes by all sight of their side. They are different by the way that they had relationships with their families, the way that they kick in their troops in the Iliad in the way that they view and interact with the authority of the gods. The first contrast between Achilles and Hector is that they have different personalities and how they stretch forth their life.Hector is a man of family who loves his child and wife and he believed that Confidence, dialogue is important to build a good relationship with respect and love to keep the family. Also, he can forget war when a small(a) child cries or his people suffer by the war. Whiles Achilles is ruled by his uncontrollable passions as seen in his rage and proud headst rong ship canal and to Achilles is homely that military glory is more important than family life. He risks his life in order to gain military glory. fit in, The Iliad is a poem that shown Achilles has a great love to his mother and his close friendship with Patroclus and Briseis.Achilles is a man who comes to live by and for violence (Lawall 115). Achilles was like that because he was grown with this Greek culture where always were in wars. Also, Achilles never see his lasting life was not in his future because he always was presented in all wars that the Greek have by fleece and gain glory. Also, He is impulsive to sacrifice his life only so that his name depart be remembered.For Hector, war is a necessary evil in which he fights bravely, still reluctantly (Lawall 115). While Achilles participating or fighting in wars by pride, glory and to have his name remembered, Hectors motivation is more humanistic. A great example by that Hector is considered one hero between the Troja ns is because he fighting against the Achaeans is all about preventing well-being and keeps peaceful in his land. Furthermore, push around have pride but different to pride of Achilles because his pride is lenient in order to maintain his loyalty to his homeland and its people. Hectors loyalty is evident in the Iliad. other important contrast between the characters principals of the Iliad has different ways of sho break throughg heroism. Hector is a hero in his own way. Although he died in a very dreadful way, the Trojans all celebrated him as a great hero of their time because He fought by people of his land and peace. While Achilles were possibly the most important warrior and hero of Greek time. Although, The Greeks treat Patroclus as a hero after his death, He was abandoned a great celebration in his honor because Patroclus death is the most important influenced to that Achilles participating in the war against Trojan and so they could win the war.To me understand a great sim iliratlity between Achilles and hector according to Iliad, Achilles loves Briseis and Agamemnon rips her from him, without remorse. After the great Achilles doesnt believe that he should fight in it war because he was directly insulted to his pride like man when Agamemnon demanded to the love of his life Briseis. He was fury to refuse to fight against the Trojans by the fail of respect of Agamemnon to him. According the Iliad, Hectors love for his family is shown when he is shown playing with his infant son before he goes out to meet his death at the hands of Achilles. To me understand is one great example love and passion that the family has in the life of hector.Another similarity is when Achilles feeling guilty for the death of Patroclus and other Acadians who had died by the pride and choice of refused to participating in the war after the great let on by part Agamemnon. In addition, Achilles realized the consequences of his actions and He was sorry for what he had done and wan ted to fix it. Then is when Achilles feels that if he kills Hector, Patroclus death will be justly avenged and he will not tolerate by his actions.Hector set honor and pride in his army and homeland more than he values life. For example, when he advises the citizens of Troy to forty winks outside the city gates, because he assumes all is safe and then finds out people were murdered through the night because by the raging Achilles had returned, he assumes full responsibility for the disaster. If the situation had been reversed, Achilles would have pointed fingers of blame at others, but on the contrary, Hector knew that he had made a mistake and was to shamed to return inside the gates, instead giving his live attempting the end that of the man who viciously killed so many Trojans. (Harold Bloom) this quote is important to understand the personality, values that the great hector have, courage and honor required to be recognize like a true epic hero. Hector demonstrates every fe el an epic hero should. He combines his fighting abilities with integrity, humanity, and an entirely altruistic progress to every situation he faces. He honestly lives to fairly fight his best every day for the Trojans.

Evaluation of UK Legislation and Policy on Fracking

Evaluation of UK Legislation and Policy on FrackingAN EVALUATION OF CURRENT UK defecateulation LEGISLATION AND POLICY MEASURES TO CONTROL THE POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF FRACKING ON WILDLIFE CONSERVATIONChapter 1 IntroductionIntroductionThe pace of the knowledge of Britains Shale- hired gun industry is accelerating receivable to the accredited administrations policy to progress the fireion of shale- swash, or fracking as viridityly cognize, to try expertness bail, growth and jobs (DBEI. 2017). Commercial extraction of shale- mishandle is non yet in production, but exploration of the rec everyplaceable amount open is occurring. Shale-gas could electric potentially be a resource that transforms the UK energy market and contribute to the national security of supply. However, whilst the economic potential is appargonnt, the environmental and social implications argon unknown. There stick been reports of earthquakes (in Lancashire) (DECC 2013), leakage of fracking chemicals and gas (methane) into the water table, where fracking has occurred, nigh typically in the joined States of America (Finkel and Hays 2016). There has in like manner been campaigning by familiarity groups opposed to fracking because of the environmental concerns. Hydraulic fracturing involves injecting a viscous fracturing fluid carrying a proppant, usually select sand, which is left in fractures to hold them open and levy substance migration to considerablybores but advances in guiding boring with a great horizontal reach way that multiple well quite a little be drilled from a single pad. (Zillman et al. 2015). However, this could involve horizontal drilling downstairs Nature Reserves, Country Parks, Sites of Special scientific bear on (SSSI) etc. roughly of the concerns by these new technologies atomic number 18(a) Air emissions.(b) Water quality and quantity (aquifer and approach water contamination by fracturing fluid chemicals).(c) Potential seismal activity, partic ularly in major fault areas.(d) frequent participation in regulatory decisions concerning fracturing activities.(e) Transparency, including open disclosure of chemicals and toxicity teaching.(f) Disturbance creating dust, noise, and congestion in communities that host fracturingoperations. (Zillman et al. 2014.)All of which convey potential to impact upon humans and wildlife preservation.Consequently, the honor and Policy surrounding fracking and the environment to conserve wildlife get out be gauged.Aims and ObjectivesThis take hold of aims to adjudicate current UK mean legislation and policy with assure to the potential impacts of fracking on wildlife conservation. An analysis of the controls available for the protection of wildlife and the compensation operations that are soon in transport pass on be discussed within this report. The conk outs of concerns and opinions of the businesses involved, giving medication policy, wildlife constitutions, public and media opinions which may have an impact on future proviso policies and procedures, habitat degradation, human health, and wildlife conservation leave alone be to a lower placetaken. reason studies, government articles, fracking fellowship media tale and media reports utilise to illustrate current approach. An analysis and evaluation coincidence of cardinal shale gas companies within the dickens counties of nontinghamshire and Lancashire, both of which have had planning permission granted for fracking exploration sites. In the county of Lancashire, planning permission was refused not besides for an exploration site but for extraction of shales gas. The fellowship off-key to the government to appeal this decision which was overturned. Preston New Road executionion convocation (a group of local residents) has subsequently appealed and the hearing is set for 15 abut 2017. Therefore, are the strategies that are currently in attribute sufficient to gibe all needs from both c ompanies, the conservationists, the public and the government? To investigate and evaluate the policies and procedures ask by the Shale gas companies to obtain planning permission to intromit environmental Impact estimates, are these effective, detailed sufficiently and acceptable? What are the procedures post damage or accident? Is this acceptable? Critical analyse of each perspective.Methods MaterialsThis evaluation analysis is a desktop review and lead therefore not require the participation of human, animal, and environmental subjects. Information pull up stakes be sourced from scientific and constabulary books, scientific journals, media reports and websites (such as governmental, lawful and the phoners websites). European Law leave alone not be taken into consideration due to the imminent exit from the European Union. Therefore, only the Laws and policies currently in place for Eng knock down and Wales are to be included. Some of the topics covered in this line of b usiness go forth be Environmental Law Law Commission Report 2012 bailiwick proviso Policy Frame run away Environmental Impact Assessments of the sites in the two Counties Comp all information of the two companies involved Caudrilla Resources and I triggerman plc. The criteria used when searching for information was based upon Environmental Law Fracking in the UK Legislation and policy with regard to planning in the UK Fracking in Lancashire Fracking in Nottinghamshire Hydraulic Fracturing Shale Gas UK Shale Gas Fracking House of Commons 2017 .. to be completed. Not quite sure how to run through with(predicate) this offChapter 2 Shale-gas Fracking2.1 Overview of fracking.Extraction of a natural gas known as shale gas is found in shale rock formations that can be extracted by Hydraulic fracturing (fracking). The gas is mined by drilling a well down vertically until it hits the shale, then horizontally. This involves inserting high volumes of water composite with chemicals int o the rock to cause it to fracture and release the gas. See Figure 1. in the lead dour the UK government supports fracking although concerns remain about the adequacy of current UK regulation of groundwater and surface water contamination and the assessment of the environmental impact.Figure 1. Hydraulic Fracturing and environmental concerns ( carbon copy Brief 2013).2.2 Legislation and policy relevant to fracking, and wildlife conservation.Environmental regulation is mean to protect the environment. The impact and effectiveness of the legislation can be considered from whatever(prenominal) perspectives which seem to be fragmented and haphazard at best. Some of the law statutes for environmental protection include great Air characterization 1956Clean Neighbourhood and Environmental Act 2005Control of Pollution Act 1974 as amended in 1989Environment Act 1995Environmental Protection Act 1990Freedom of Information Act 2000Law of Property Act 1925 subject Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949Natural Environment and bucolic Communities Act 2006Nature Conservancy Council Act 1973Pollution Prevention and Control Act 1999townspeople Country Planning Act 1990Water Resources Act 1991Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981Case Law will in addition be included where relevant.The principles under common law governing property rights to the subsurface and to minerals are necessary to escort the law governing activities using geological developments. The general rule (with some exceptions) is that the rights deriving from the possession or proprietorship of an estate in soil extends upwards and downwards. The Latin phrase that expresses this rule is cujus est solum ejus est usque ad coelum et ad inferos to whom the bemire belongs, to that person it belongs all the way to the sky and the depths (Zillman et al. 2014). Therefore, permission from the land owner must be sort to enable permission for fracking to take place on privately owned land. In the case of Boc ardo v jumper cable cogency UK Onshore Ltd in 2010 the land owner sued the oil company for trespass for leash wells made under its land for directional drilling. In the case Star cleverness Weald Basin Limited (and another) v Bocardo SA (Supreme Court Judgment, 28 July 2010). There is no depth limit later which geological formations are owned by the state and that any infringement of it must have a physical effect on the surface. It could be said therefore that considering the risk of infections associated with fracking and public opinion generally against fracking, land owners would not allow fracking upon their land but government incentives and fracking companies payments to allow access can be a high incentive to land owners. This could influence the conservation of wildlife if directional drilling undermines a special conservation site onside a landowner that has agreed permission.Who owns shale gas? Shale gas counts as vegetable oil within the meaning of the crude A ct 1998 and the rights are vested in Her Majesty. By section 2(1) of that Act. The Crown has the exclusive right of searching for and getting petroleum in its natural condition within Great Britain. The incision of Energy and clime Change (DECC) issues licenses to companies for exploration and for dig. The Oil and Gas role (a subdivision within the government) is responsible for awarding onshore oil and gas licenses, which include exploratory fracking operations. On 17 December 2015, the Oil Gas self-confidence (OGA) announced that licences for a total of 159 blocks were perfunctoryly offered to successful applicants under the fourteenth Onshore Oil and Gas Licensing Round (OGA 2017).Proposals for shale gas exploration or extraction in England Wales are subject to the requirements of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 administered by the Minerals Planning Authority (MPA) for the area in which the development is located. Individual town and city planners face a difficult task, they are required to consider the future economic and social needs of the participation and provide the best possible environment in which to live and work (Evans, Stephenson, and Shaw 2009). Public and conservation charities opinion and opposition to the proximity of the well sites. The legal framework for land use planning and relevant legislation will be discussed individually for Lancashire and Nottinghamshire later.In may 2015, the government issued a statement regarding sustainable development making decisions now to realise our vision of touch economic growth and tackling the deficit, maximising wellbeing and protecting the environment, without affecting the mightiness of future generations to do the same (DEFRA 2015). Each department within the government is responsible for their own policies and activities to create sustainable development with DEFRA overseeing decisions. As you will see from the statement development, economic growth and tackling the deficit, co mes as a precedence before wellbeing and protecting the environment.In June 2012, the government commissioned The majestic Society to compile a Review of Hydraulic Fracturing and their initial findings cogitate The health, safety and environmental risks associated with hydraulic fracturing (often termed fracking) as a means to extract shale gas can be managed effectively in the UK as long as operational best practices are implemented and enforced through regulation (RS and RAE 2012). However, they also made ten recommendations summarised as to detect groundwater contamination, to see well integrity, to mitigate bring forth seismality, to detect potential leakages of gas, water employ and wastewater should be managed in an integrated way, an Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) should be mandatory for all shale gas operations, best practice for risk centering should be implemented. (RS and RAE 2012). These recommendations should be included within the planning and licensing ap plications.On the 6 April 2016, section 50 of the Infrastructure Act 2015 came into effect introducing amendments to the Petroleum Act 1998 regarding when and how consent can be issued for hydraulic fracturing in comparison to the exploration and production of shale gas. The changes to the Infrastructure Act 2015 gives the shale gas companies in England Wales the means to access recently level land at l easternmost three hundred metres resistor for deep geothermal energy, one of which is shale gas. It also imposes a formal consent from the Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change. It also in the contractning stated that there would be a ban on fracking in National Parks, Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) and Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) but SSSIs have been excluded and now allow for resistor fracking.It should be tell that some regulators whom approve licenses for fracking, such as the Environment authorization, view criminal prosecution as a polish resort and prefer to adopt a compliance strategy. The Environment Agency is a government run organisation who work to create better places for people and wildlife, and support sustainable development. (Environment Agency 2017).Environmental permitting regulations coverprotecting water resources, including groundwater (aquifers), assessing and approving the use of chemicals which form part of the hydraulic fracturing fluidappropriate treatment and disposal of mining waste produced during the borehole drilling and hydraulic fracturing processsuitable treatment and management of any naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM)disposal of waste gases through aflare(p)In the planning process the Environment Agency can be a statutory consultee and provides local planning authorities (county or one(a) local authority) with advice on the potential risks to the environment from individual gas exploration and extraction sites (DBEIS 2017).The government publish documentation to convince the public of the stern processes companies have to adhere to before obtaining approval, operators pass rigorous health and safety, environmental and planning permission processes before any shale operation can begin in the UK (DBEIS 2017). See figure 2.Figure 2. Infographic What happens before a company can explore for shale gas? (DBEIS 2017)2.2 Impact on Wildlife Conservation, the concerns and public opinion.The starting signal resource for environmental implication impact to consider is water. The quality, quantity used, handiness of the resource and waste water disposal.Vast quantities of water mixed with proppant and chemical additives, for example gelling and foaming agents, friction reducers, crosslinkers, breakers, pH adjusters, biocides, corrosion inhibitors, scale inhibitors, and surfactants are injected under pressure to release the shale gas and enable the gas to retrogress to the surface. One third of them lack mammalian toxicity data (Stringfellow et al., 2014). The Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) 2013, states that it is likely to involve the use of blown-up quantities of clean water, typically 10,000 to 30,000 m3 water per well (10,000 to 30,000 tonnes). The water may be obtained from the local water supply company sources or by abstract entity from surface or groundwater (if permitted by the relevant environment agency under licence).Loss of well integrity has led to contamination of surrounding strata by fracking fluid and/or methane (Jenner and Lamadid, 2013). Most water used is locked away underground and never returned to the natural hydrological cycle. Impacts on water quality have a potential to impact on contamination of groundwater aquifer layers with either the fracking fluid used to dislodge gas, or the methane gas itself (which is of course poisonous). As you will see from the following routine of Great Britain this shows drilling sites and aquafers. See figure 3. Also, to be considered is the potentia l surface discharges of contaminated produced water (water drawn from the formation to bulge out production, which flows to the surface for life of the well) and flowback water (predominantly fracturing fluids, which comes to surface after fracking is completed and before production begins) from shale gas production that could contaminate natural surface waters. Not only is this a risk to public health but also the biodiversity or loss of biodiversity in the relevant environment. A permit, under the Environmental Permitting Regulations 2010 (EPR), from the Environment Agency is required where fluids containing pollutants are injected into ground, where they may enter groundwater. To meet there is no evidence that such a contamination has occurred in any site currently in Great Britain, but is it only a matter of time before an accident does occur which will affect the biodiversity of that area.Figure 3.(a) Map of UK display location of onshore wells drilled for exploration or pro duction and productive aquifers. (b) Map of UK showing location of potential shale gas and oil reservoirs and productive aquifers. Aquifer base map reproduced with the permission of the British Geological Survey. NERC. All rights Reserved. (Davies et al. 2014).High pressure snapshot of water into shale formations has been linked to seismic events in Lancashire which will be discussed later.Public participation and consultation has become fundamental for energy regulators due to the eagerness and immediacy of public engagement. The intense media scrutiny and broader public knowledge, as well as increased public organizations (local action groups) and the development of social media have contributed to improved citizen communication and often made local issues national and transnational (Zillman at al. 2015). This has resulted in public demonstrations against fracking in each local fraternity to which fracking licensing have been granted. It would seem that much of public opinion is against fracking.The Infrastructure account (Jan 2015) originally said there would be a ban on fracking in National Parks, Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty and Sites of Special Scientific Interest and introduced mandatory Environmental Impact Assessments. But just octonary months later, a major U-turn on this commitment has placed some of the countrys most sensitive and precious wildlife sites at risk by excluding SSSIs from the ban and allowing licences for underground activity in highly protected wildlife sites.2.4 Controls currently in place.In the UK, the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) followed the recommendations of the joint report of the lofty Society and Royal Academy of Engineering and developed a choke up neat protocol whereby thresholds for different acceptable levels of seismicity are defined, and if a level is breached during the hydraulic fracturing process the entire operation is to be terminated (DBEIS 2017). This procedure was implemented after seismic activity in Preston in the Lancashire shale gas area. See Figure 4.Figure 4.Infographic Seismic activity traffic light monitoring system (DBEIS 2017)Chapter 3 Comparison of Fracking planning procedures for two Counties3.1 certain fracking in the UK In January 2017, the House of Commons produced a apprize report titled, Shale gas and fracking, which states that there has been recent approval of two planning decisions in Lancashire and North Yorkshire suggesting that commercial fracking is getting closer.3.2 Nottinghamshire County Council Further public consultation is required before Nottinghamshire County Councils Planning and Licensing Committee can consider a planning application for an exploratory shale gas well-site on land off the A634 amidst Barnby tie down and Blyth.Dart Energy is seeking planning permission to pioneer exploratory drilling for shale gas at the site, known as potter Lane. The application is for exploratory drilling, to check the suitabilit y of the rock for shale gas extraction.Nottinghamshire County Councillors will consider the countys second planning application to undertake exploratory drilling for shale gas at the Planning and Licensing Committee meeting on Tuesday 21 demo.The application was submitted by Dart Energy in May last year to drill one exploratory vertical well 3,300 metres deep and three sets of groundwater monitoring boreholes on land off the A634 between Barnby Moor and BlythThe application is not seeking permission to carry out any hydraulic fracturing, known as fracking. The application site, which is currently open invoke land, is around one mile north of Barnby Moor and 1.5 miles south east of Blyth.Permission is sought for a temporary period of up to three years, with the drilling taking place for approximately four months. The County Council has received over 800 representations from the local community and a petition. (NCC)3.3 Lancashire County Council On 1 April and 27 May 2011 two earthqu akes with magnitudes 2.3 and 1.5 were felt in the Blackpool area. These earthquakes were suspected to be linked to hydraulic fracture treatments at the Preese Hall well operated by Cuadrilla Resources Ltd. Thus, operations were suspend at Preese Hall and Cuadrilla Resources Ltd were requested to undertake a full technical study into the relationship between the earthquakes and their operations.Cuadrilla submitted to DECC a synthesis report with a number of technical appendices on 2 November 2011, and published this material on their website. These reports examine seismological and geomechanical aspects of the seismicity in relation to the hydraulic fracture treatments, along with detailed background material on the regional geology and rock physics. They also estimated future seismic hazard and proposed recommendations for future operations to mitigate seismic risk.Further information supplied by Cuadrilla in the course of this assessment is available as Annexes below. The independ ent experts have now made recommendations to DECC for mitigating the risk of induced seismicity resulting from continued hydraulic fracturing at Preese Hall, Lancashire and elsewhere in Great Britain.(OGA 2017)3.4 plaque responses Igas and Caudrilla 3.5 General public and conservationists responses (Wildlife Trust etc.)Chapter 4 Discussion4.1 Comparison of the two counties policies and procedures.4.2 Proposed further exploration sites and possible impacts, compensation etc.Interpretation of the books generally and in relation to the two counties. Analogy with mining and the pass on of the industry in the UK. Political party in government and their views.Limitations of the studyChapter 5 Conclusion and Suggestions for further researchA summary. Critically evaluate the dissertation. Is there enough protection for wildlife conservation? Recommendations for further research.REFERENCESCarbon Brief. 2013. Carbon Briefing what does extracting shale gas mean for the local environment?S cience. for sale at https//www.carbonbrief.org/carbon-briefing-what-does-extracting-shale-gas-mean-for-the-local-environment.Davies, R.J., Almond, S., Ward, R.S., Jackson, R.B., Adams, C., Worrall, F., Herringshaw, L.G., Gluyas, J.G., and Whitehead, M.A. 2014. Oil and gas wells and their integrity Implications for shale and unconventional resource exploitation. ocean and Petroleum Geology. 1-16.Delebarre, J., Ares, E., and Smith, L. 4 January 2017. House of Commons Library Briefing. Number 6073. Shale gas and fracking.Evans, D., Stephenson, M, and Shaw, R. 2009. The present and future use of land below ground. Land uptake Policy 26S. S302-S316.Finkel M.L., and Hays J. 2016. Environmental and health impacts of fracking why epidemiological studies are necessary. J Epidemiol Community Health. Vol 70. No 3.Great Britain. Department for Business, Energy industrial Strategy (DBEIS). 2017. Guidance on fracking developing shale gas in the UK Online. on tap(predicate) at https//www.gov. uk/government/publications/about-shale-gas-and-hydraulic-fracturing-fracking/developing-shale-oil-and-gas-in-the-uk. Accessed 27 February 2017.Great Britain. Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC). 2013. Oil and gas onshore exploration and production Online. accessible at https//www.gov.uk/guidance/oil-and-gas-onshore-exploration-and-production. Accessed 28 February 2017.Great Britain. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA). 2015. 2010 to 2015 government policy sustainable development. Online. Available at https//www.gov.uk/government/publications/2010-to-2015-government-policy-sustainable-development/2010-to-2015-government-policy-sustainable-developmentissue. Accessed 7 March 2017.Great Britain. Environment Agency (EA). 2017. Online. Available at https//www.gov.uk/government/organisations/environment-agency. Accessed 15 March 2017.Great Britain. Oil Gas Authority (OGA). 2017. Exploration and Production Onshore. Online. Available at https//www.ogauthor ity.co.uk/exploration-production/onshore/. Accessed 15 March 2017.Great Britain. The Royal Society and The Royal Academy of Engineering (RS RAE). 2012. Shale gas extraction in the UK a review of hydraulic fracturing Online. Available at https//royalsociety.org//media/policy/projects/shale-gas-extraction/2012-06-28-shale-gas.pdf. Accessed 7 March 2017.Jenner, S. and Lamadrid, A.J. 2013. Shale gas vs. coal policy implications for environmental impact comparisons of shale gas, conventional gas and coal on air, water and land in the United States, Energy Policy, 53, 442-53.Jones P., Hillier D., and Comfort D. 2015. Contested perspectives on fracking in the UK. Geography. 100. Part 1.Small. J. QC. 2013. Fracking Liability. The Estates Gazette Sutton. 92-94.Stringfellow, W.T., Domen, J.K., Camarillo, M.K., Sandrillo, W.L., and Borglin, S. 2014. Physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of compounds used in hydraulic fracturing. daybook of Hazardous Materials. Volume 275, 37-54. a Ecological Engineering Research Program, schooling of Engineering Computer Science, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Avenue, Stockton, CA 95211, USAb flat coat Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAZillman, D.N., Lucas, A., and Beirne, S. (2015) 2014 An eventful year for energy law and policy, Journal of Energy Natural Resources Law, 331, 82-105Zillman, D.N., McHarg, A., and Bradbrook, A. 2014. The Law of Energy Underground Understanding New Developments in Subsurface Production, Transmission, and Storage. eBook type. Oxford Scholarship Online. Available from NTU Library One Search. Accessed 9 March 2017Shale Wealth Fund PM Gov.uk https//www.gov.uk/government/ intelligence activity/pm-rewrites-plan-to-put-money-from-infrastructure-in-the-hands-of-local-peopleBBC Politics. 2016. Fracking moratorium rejected by MPs. Online. Available at http//www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-30993915. Accessed January 2017.https/ /www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/498160/160204_FINAL_letter_to_Mineral_Planning_Authorities.pdfImpact Assessment http//www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2016/384/resources Accessed 27 February 2017Briefing Arrangements for fracking operations clarified. 2015. Planning, , pp. 32.APPENDIX 1.

Growth In The Sector Of Social Networking Media Essay

Growth In The Sector Of loving Networking Media Essay hearty entanglementing sack be expound as the trick of stay oning in pay heed with friends and relatives through brotherly Media. Social networking came to be with the introduction of Facebook amongst other fond sites. For years outright, there has been tremendous fruit in the sector of companionable networking. Like we all k at present, any changes in the course of our lives impart affect us in diametrical ways.The personal ca usage of closely-disposed networking be important to me personally as it allow jock me under(a)stand it in a broad place. I leave alone be qualified to amply inquiry on the possible hereafter tacks that come with the discipline of tender networking. I allow for as well be able to expound more than(prenominal) on what the other investigate defecate hold explored on the do of mixer networking. As much as I will contri scarcee to the occupy of the make of genial networking, I will also gain from it by learning on what others had to say.The study will also wait on others in knowing what they atomic number 18 getting into when they narrative onto well-disposed network sites. What are the verificatorys they stand to gain and what are the negatives to be on the look erupt for? How well butt they be able to control their theatrical role of friendly networking in establish to return fully from them? Should they embrace the wave of genial networking fully or take perplexity measures? These are some of the questions that the study will help answer to the readers of this report.The study will mostly target individuals who consumption neighborly networking sites on periodical basis. The individuals will be grouped in accordance to age and new occupation. It will also take into consideration individuals who are still in school. The study will be conducted within a period of nonpareil month so as to fully contribute the cause of fond networking. The time duration is exemplification beca utilisation it is neither as well as short nor too long. It is suitable for effectual results that are up-to-date.Through the study, I hope to establish if there are more positive than negative effects of mixer networking. How we force out all benefit from kind networking plain beca riding habit it is what everyone including companies are doing. I hope to remember if we can entirely do away with cordial networking and how it will affect us should we take that path. The main sections of this paper are the literature review, the palpateings of the study, the conclusion and the recommendations for the study.2.0 LITERATURE REVIEWIn this chapter, the effects of fond networking are analyzed in depth. It will focus in the main on three variables that are mostly affected by well-disposed networking i.e. professionalism, sociable life and statement. This paper only focuses on the three as these are the key area of the s tudy. Social networking services can be described as online services that are only established to bring hatful closer together in terms of creating relations and sharing a common interest (Woessner, 2011). Social networking began to grow with the advance revelation of computers and unaccented rag to the meshing (Jue, Marr Kassotakis, 2009).Usenet and LISTSERV are some of the starting line of all online services to wisecrack a advance broadcast for social networking sites to expand (Jue, Marr Kassotakis, 2009). As the withdraw for social sites increased, more social sites were launched into the market place as more and more online service providers developed. It was only until the years 19954 that the first social networking site was registered in the World Wide Web (WWW). These sites included Geocities, Theglobe.com and tripod. These sites mainly focused on establishing chat rooms and bring tidy sum closer together disregardless of their geographical background (Papa charissi, 2010).Different communities see this as an opportunity that they should strike into. A good example of such communities with people who shared the equal interests or background was Classmates.com. However, this social site took the approach of linking people together through the use of email jiberess. As time progressed, the use of profiles was to be introduced in the late 1990s. User profiles reasonable wish the name advise allow users to compile the list of friends they wish to have on their social page (Papacharissi, 2010). This new development in social networking encourages the launch of social sites such as SixDegrees.com, Hub Culture, and Makeoutclub.com amongst others. This was to mark the beginning of a new variation in the social networking market.By the year 2000, other social network sites were being introduced virtually on annual basis. This saw the increase in the number of people registering as well as an increase in competition of the site owners. B y the year 2005, MySpace was the number one class-conscious social site in the US. All this was to change with the launch of Facebook in the year 2004. It is really the largest social networking site in the world.The study on the effects of social networking started immediately after the launch and establishment of Facebook. This is because no social site has been able to revolutionize the world the way Facebook has. It simply took the world by storm as it had everyone registering on it (Papacharissi, 2010). The study was first conducted as certain effects become noticeable thus the lease to explore on them. We can therefore say that social networking can have either a positive or negative effect on its users.On the level of professionalism, previous studies noted that the effects of social networking during work hours brought about more negative effects than the positives. The level of productivity simply went a notch lower as more employees exhausted their time on social site s (Woessner, 2011). With the free and easy access to the internet while at the work place, employees did and site call up it cheap to access their social pages while at work. With more employees performing poorly, employers were forced to take drastic measures to ensure that things got back to normal. Most firms had to block and declare the use of social networking sites during working hours as illegal. A study conducted by HCL Technologies in the year 2011 show that an entire 50% of British employers ban the use of social sites at work (Jue, Marr Kassotakis, 2009).As much as social networking sites have come outd through past studies that they do slow down(a) employees, productivity, study also show that they can be beneficial. Recent studies prove that marketing through social sites can be very effective to a firm. With a wide audience to gain access to the tuition that you have to sell in a click of a handout social networking is definitely the way to go in terms of market ing (Woessner, 2011). Adverts are patterned to help create awareness and market for your products and services. earlier scholars have shown beyond reasonable doubt that social networking sites can be the stovepipe marketing ground for any product and or service. With a wide and cheap way of creating awareness, all you need is to have as many people see what you are marketing. The social media is often flocked with individuals at any given time your advert will never go unnoticed (Jue, Marr Kassotakis, 2009).Once social life has also been a legislate-sighted past study as far as the effects of social networking are concerned. Your social life matters a drawing card simply because this is how you extend to to the people around you. Do you have friends or are you eer alone. Studies have shown that social networking sites can either help create or damage your social life. You want to make and keep in link up with your friends, then social sites is the answer. On average basis, you will remember to keep in touch with everyone on your phone book. However, you can be updated on what is happening in their lives through social networking (Papacharissi, 2010)Recent studies show that people do lie more often on the information they deputise on social networking sites. You want people to think that your life is astonish and therefore you lie about almost everything (Parrack, 2012). One of the major effects of social networking in regards to ones social life is the inability to keep up with the lies. Eventually the truth does come out at some destine in time thus crushing the person. With a low self esteem and the truth finally out, people find it hard to go back to their normal lives (Papacharissi, 2010). Studies do show that most people who can this kind of fate tend to be depressed and withdrawn from social activities. They therefore might need psychological help in order to be able to move freely with people.The effect of social networking on upbringin g has probably the most studied topic on the effects of social networking as a whole. Previous studies in relation to education and social networking were once seen as a hindrance in the development of ones education (Dunn, 2011). This is because most of the social sites users and especially on Facebook and Twitter are still of school going age on different levels. Social networking was proven to affect the grades of students as they tend to perform poorly by spending most of their time socializing on the sites. The students education almost came to a compromise with the introduction of current and easy to access social sites especially through their mobile phones (Dunn, 2011)The only way to ensure that education came first to social networking was to establish ways of prohibiting social sites while at school (Parrack, 2012).As much as social networking was considered to be a hindrance in the development of education, past studies have also shown that it can be helpful in developing technical skills amongst other. As students interact with each other on the social sites, there is a lot more they share than the events of their day to day activities. Recent studies have shown that students are now using social networking sites to explore the talents they have (Dunn, 2011). in that location is more than what meets the eye in relation to students and social sites. This has grown to be the platform of interaction to discuss other significant matters than the social ones (Parrack, 2012). Just like in the professional environment, students are now putting into good use the positive effects that come with social networking.The study on the effects of social networking recently took a new twist. Researchers now claim that social networking sites go game some of the best grounds to carry out research work. Most of the research work is now targeting social networking sites as it is easier to find the kind of population target that you desire (Parrack, 2012). With this recent development, we can add to the existing effects of social networking as a whole.As for the future concerns of the effects of social networking, the trend shows that there will be more emerging positive effects than negatives. This is the belief of many simply because at first there were more negatives than positives but this is slowly changing. We are til now to discover other unhidden positive effects that the social sites have to expand (Parrack, 2012). The more we expand our features and social networking uses, the more we stand to benefit from them.The benefit of carrying out this research study is to help understand the past studies and explore more on the future possible effects. The advantage of carrying out this research will not only benefit me as an individual but the entire community as a whole. This study will go a long way in help solving current problems in relation to the effects of social networking. This study will also help future researcher to develop th eir past studies section as they explore its contents for reference.3.0 METHODOLOGYThis chapter describes the methodology used to collect info in establishing the possible effects of social networking. The method that the research chooses to use is interview. Interviews simply because it modifys the research to get first hand answers as well as offer personal interaction with the interviewee (Creswell, 2008). The use of interviews as a research method has been there since time memorial and it has proven to offer so much. The interviewer will be able to capture the non spoken retorts of the interviewee such as gestures and facial expressions. In addition to that, interviews are ideal when it comes to give the axe explanations from either party of the interview (Creswell, 2008).The data will be self-contained in different venues so as to target a wider perspective of the population. Schools, offices and public places such as parks will be the targeted locations for this research. This is to enable to get as many different individuals for the research. When your targeted population is wide, you stand to benefit from unbiased results (Kumar, 2010). The more people the research will cover from different grounds, the more diverse the data collected will be.The research will focus on interview a population target between the ages of 15-40. This is because this is the ideal age that frequently uses social networking for various reasons. The age watch is that low as social networking attracts not only the adults but teenagers as well. Research has shown that a growing percentage of social networking users are mainly below the ages of eighteen. As for the age maximum age, the research will better portray the mature uses at that particular age.The data collect in the span of one month i.e. the duration period of the research, will first be edited before it is interpreted. Data editing allows for the clarity and the purpose of information collected. Once editing is done, the information will be presented in the form of tables and graphs for the quantitative information. As for the qualitative, it will be presented in a descriptive manner. This is because not all information gathered can be presented in a quantitative manner. The research expects to find more positive effects of social networking than negatives.4.0 FINDINGSThis chapter describes the presentation of the finding obtained through the interview process. The use of graphs will present the quantitative while descriptive form will present the qualitative information.4.1 Quantitative analysis4.1.1 Respond rate bulge of the 200 target population to be interviewed, only 160 had a successful interview. This makes the respond rate 80%CategorySample coatActual respondpercentage15-25 atomic number 6904525-40 coulomb7035totals20016080Source fountain (2012)4.1.2 make on professionalismCategoryresponsepercentage confirmatory11068.75electronegative5031.25Total160100Source Author (2012)4.1.3 E ffects on social lifeCategoryresponsepercentagePositive15094Negative106Totals160100Source Author (2012)4.1.4 Effect on educationCategoryresponsepercentagePositive9056Negative7044Totals160100Source Author (2012)4.2 Qualitative analysisFrom the research analysis majority of the individuals who are busy or self employed find social networking to be an added advantage to their careers. The respondents agree that social networking helps them to market their goods and services in a cheap and effective way. They point out that majority of firms now have profile pages in most of the social networking sites as an easier way for them to interact with clients.Majority of the respondents find social networking to help them with their social life. It is a simply way of keeping in touch with your friends on regular basis without necessarily having to meet with them. Respondents also find it easier to make new friends on social sites through old friends. Reuniting illogical friends also top the list of some of the positive effects of social networking. Only a small percentage finds social networking to ruin or be a hindrance to their social lifeOnly a few out of the possible half way mark of the respondents find social networking to be beneficial in regards to education. They do agree that social sites are currently trending and they can be used in a positive manner. This group of respondents acknowledges the fact that social sites can be ideal grounds for research work. The rest of the respondents simply find social networking to be a fail in regards to education. They see no positive reactions between education and social sites.5.0 CONCLUSIONThe main objective of this research was to set off the effects of social networking. Majority of the respondents agree that there are now more positive effects than negative effects. Majority of the respondents agree on positive effects for the three areas tested i.e. professionalism, social life and education. From the results, it is clear that the norm of having more negative effects than positive effects of social networking is slowly changing.As much as the study was a success, if I was to do it again, the one thing I would change is the number of variables under study. Social networking does not only affect our lives in the three variables highlighted for this study. There are so many other ways in which social networking affects us. For future researchers, it is highly encouraged to explore areas such as the effects of social networking in regards to giveing skills, creating employment opportunities, reducing crime order amongst others.The study on the effects of social networking was a success as I found what I pass judgment. At the beginning of the study, I expected to find an increase in positive effects and a reduce in the negatives. From the results, it is clear that majority of people now benefit from social networking in a positive manner. The complaints as to how negative social sites can be are slowly dying as people now start acknowledging the better side of social networking.ReferenceCreswell, J. (2008). Research design A qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method approaches. New York Sage Publications Ltd.Dunn, J. (2011, June 11). The 10 best and worst ways social media impacts education. Retrieved from http//edudemic.com/2011/07/social-media-education/Jue, A., Marr, J., Kassotakis, M. (2009). Social media at work How networking tools resist organizational performance. California Jossey-Bass.Kumar, R. (2010). Research methodology A step-by-step string for beginners. New York Sage Publications Ltd.Papacharissi, Z. (2010). A networked self Identity, community, and culture on social network sites. New York Routledge.Parrack, D. (2012, April 19). The positive impact of social networking sites on troupe opinion. Retrieved from http//www.makeuseof.com/tag/positive-impact-social-networking-sites-society-opinion/Woessner, S. (2011). Increase online sales through viral social networking How to build your web site traffic and online sales using Facebook, Twitter, and Linkedin in just 15 steps. Florida Atlantic Publishing Group Inc.

The Front Office Function Of A Hotel Tourism Essay

The app bent motion situation Function Of A Hotel touristry EssayThe bowel movement section function of a Hotel is to act as the public face of the hotel, primarily by greeting hotel patrons and checking in invitees. It in like manner provides imagineenanceance to lymph glands during their stay, completes their accommodation, food and drunkenness, accounts and receives stipend from lymph glands. FRONT OFFICE is the nerve sum total in the entire hotel operations. All the transaction passes through within this subdivision. The Front region plane section comprise of the Reception, lymph node Service Offices, Bell Services, Reservation, Operators, administrator Club, Health and Recreation Center and logical argument Center.The purpose of the Front Office plane section is to provide lymph glands assistance with luggage, transportation, info concerning the hotel and the city, and any other inspection and repair arrangements needed during their stay. Employees of the Front Office Department often provide the start-off and last impression of the hotel to our guests. It is therefore vit entirelyy important that employees display a prompt and genteel attitude to every last(predicate) guests and demonstrate the excellence in value.The Front Office Manager who comes under the shoot for supervision of the director of get ons and supervises the Front Office Department. Important of Front Office Department to the Hotel Hospitality, warm welcome. Often provide stolon and last impression. Often necessitate longest contact with guest. Continuity long term go, recognition of repeating guests, remember names, guest histories. Acquaint guest with hotel. Sell hotel food and beverage outlets.1.0 Question 11) Front Office or Front desk (reception) is the starting line impression for lodging establishment. Explain in detail about the depute and responsibility of the followingFront Office Manager, Assistant Front Office managerFront Desk Representati ve Night AuditorCashier Reservationist knell OperatorSupport your answer by giving a Front Office organization chart adapted from a sm in altogether Hotel, middle size Hotel and large Hotel.1.2 THE TASK AND RESPONSIBILITY1.2.1 FRONT OFFICE passenger vehicle mull synopsisTo manage trend of the house operations of the hotel ensuring that the highest salutaryhead-worn of service and the best possible guest experience is main(prenominal)tained. Be accountable of establishing and maintaining professional relationship with hotel guests and patrons.DUTIES RESPONSIBILLTIESManage operation of the Front desk including Cashier. Besides that, go over that policies and procedures be complied with the highest standard of service and guest satisfaction. Review room availableness status, room blockage and special begs on a daily bottom through scoreing closely with Reservations Manager and liase on in tout ensemble groups and garment movements. Monitor open and close on day status to increase room revenue and demonstrate the concept of yield management. encounter that cipher and cost effectiveness at the Front Desk is turn overd. Other than that, work with housework and Engineering on daily operations regards to guestroom status. Handle guest complaints and followup compliments. Review Front Desk Logbook daily to monitor all activities. Review all VIP room blocking. handle and pick out all Front Desk lag to learn that the best guest experience is provided. Familiarize with Front Office policies and procedures and special rate programs. Participate morning briefing, or organize good afternoon hand-over briefing daily and disseminate nurture to Reception team as soon as possible. Greet guests as time permits at mansion house and assists Receptionist during busy period. Chair monthly Reception meeting to review mathematical operation discuss existing problems for improvement. Approve duty roster prepared by Chief Receptionist and revise if necess ary. Always conduct your job with concern for the milieu and its resources. Where practical and possible, REDUCE use of items, RE-USE whenever possible, and RECYCLE those items that spate be. Perform all duties, other than the above as requested by the hotel policies and/or his/her direct supervisor.1.2.2 ASSISTANT FRONT OFFICE MANAGERJOB abridgment subcontract purpose of Assistant Front Office Manager is to provide focus and leadership as the Asst. Front Office Manager, ensuring the delivery of consistent forest customer service.DUTIES RESPONSIBILLTIESAssist in the day-to-day operation of the hotel front military position.Supervise the operational activities of the hotel front desk within hotel guidelines to provide the highest standard of courteous service while permitting acceptable profit levels. Assign, coordinate, and supervise work activities of Front Desk Agents. Ensure work is completed to include, shift closings, room deposits, refunds and rebates. They also must tra in and develop Front Desk Agents. Prepare plying schedules, complete payroll, and monitor labor be to budget figures. Prepare and conduct Front Desk meetings and split up issues. Besides that, arrange house counts and review daily arrivals, identify potential problems with dwell activity and construct appropriate action. tolerate information and direction to round to achieve 100% occupancy. Review and resolve dispute accounts and Housekeeping discrepancies and prepare a shift briefing to communicate activities, short take training, and any problems and/or special information to the next shift. Perform check-in and out procedures. Lastly, take personal responsibility for correcting customer service problems.1.2.3 FRONT DESK REPRESENTATIVEJOB SUMMARYJob purpose of Front Desk Agent is to perform all desk related functions including but not limited to checking guests in and out, making room reservations, giving recommendations, and providing directionsDUTIES RESPONSIBILLTIESPro vide quotes for room rates and up-sell the guest when possible and assist in coordinating the Front Desk and the Housekeeping Department. Verify that the correct charges and credit are posted to the corresponding guest folio and collect payment for charges on the guest folio. Besides that, ensure all gold and cash equivalents are accounted for and balanced at the beginning and end of each work shift. Responds to guest inquiries. Provide administrative, reception and program support to management and round .Manage phone activity including providing general knowledge to callers. Manage walk-in traffic. brand in guests as needed. Smile and greet customers in a take manner. Lastly, they also must register and assign rooms to guest and resolve guest complaints within scope of authority otherwise refer the exit to the management.1.2.4 NIGHT AUDITORJOB SUMMARYResponsible for reconciling hotel paperwork, scorecard to guest accounts, closing the day, greeting all guests in a pleasant, courteous and enthusiastic manner while registering guest information and settling guest accounts for the Hotel.DUTIES RESPONSIBILLTIESAudit hotel paperwork to ensure the day has balanced Posts room charges and taxes to guest accounts. then they must, verify all account postings and balances. Verifies all hotel paperwork is correct and balanced. Runs preliminary reports. Processes no shows and close of day. Stocks the front desk with daily supplies. Besides that, register arriving guests while implementing TRC service standards. Settle guest accounts with the ability to make good business decisions regarding discounts. must(prenominal) be knowledgeable in making reservations. Greet guests and provide threshold service and bell/valet service when needed. Ability to operate multi-line phone. Provide guests with information on local attractions. Resolves or refers to Management all guest concerns, complaints or suggestions in a continuous effort to provide gilt-edged guest service. Remains current on room rates, room availability and emergency procedures. Remains current on groups and property events.Direct work flow of Guest Service Attendants regarding guest luggage and amenity needs. Furthermore, ensures management is aware(p) of guest special requests or needs. Ensures guests profiles are properly noted in the Micros Property Management System for action by the appropriate hotel department prior to check-in. Maintain appearance standards as outlined in departmental and TRC policies. Provide information and explain Players Club benefits, property amenities trade programs to our guests. Provide courteous service to our guests and be cordial to all squad Members. Lastly Communicate effectively both orally and in report and. Maintain a good attendance record.1.2.5 CASHIERJOB SUMMARYReceive and disburse money in establishments other than financial institutions. usually involves use of electronic scanners, cash registers, or related equipment. Often con cern in processing credit or debit card minutes and validating checks.DUTIES RESPONSIBILLTIESReceive payment by cash, check, credit cards, vouchers, or ego-activating debits.. Compile and maintain non-monetary reports and records.. Monitor checkout stations to ensure that they allow adequate cash available and that they are staveed appropriately. Post charges against guests or patients accounts. head customers carry-out service at the completion of transactions. Answer customers questions, and provide information on procedures or policies. Cash checks for customers. Weigh items sold by weight in order to determine prices bag, box, wrap, or gift-wrap merchandise, and prepare packages for shipment.Sort, count, and wrap specie and coins. Process merchandise returns and exchanges. Pay company bills by cash, vouchers, or checks and request information or assistance using paging systems. Stock shelves, and tell prices on shelves and items. Calculate total payments received during a time period, and bow this with total sales. Compute and record totals of transactions. Sell tickets and other items to customers. Keep bimonthly balance sheets of amounts and numbers of transactions. Issue receipts, refunds, credits, or change due to customers lastly, count money in cash drawers at the beginning of shifts to ensure that amounts are correct and that there is adequate change.1.2.6 RESERVATIONISTJOB SUMMARYA reservation agent serves an important role in providing information to customers by use of mobilise and other communication media. Reservation agents can be employed by various agencies involved in reserving travel places for travelers. The information that agencies provide relates to fare details, tours, schedules, meals, and other important issues that affect clients. Reservation agents can book places for the client through online transactions. As such, they must be well equipped with computer skills. Reservation agents can contact clients through telephone conversation and back them up with a variety of reservation packet on computers. The agents work on schedules that vary greatly with shifts that ensure that the directions offices are open 24 hours a day.DUTIES RESPONSIBILLTIESGiving answers to enquiries by clients and advising them accordingly regarding bookings and reservations. Assisting customers who encounter problems in obtaining booking or operating self service equipment and walking around with clients and ensuring that they secure whatever services they are in need of. Ensuring that clients endure access to various services without a hitch. Getting information about areas of interest in order to backside more clients in particular seasons. Lastly making arrangements for clients travel programs. lot clients to fill in reservation forms.1.2.7 TELEPHONE OPERATORJOB SUMMARYTelephone operator job is to answer telephone calls, greeting callers with a positive, clear voice, reply general questions about the hotel and transf erring callers to other departments.DUTIES RESPONSIBILLTIESThis individual go forth create relationships with the guests that lead to Renaissance and property loyalty. This individual serves as the main point of contact for all guest requests and needs.The individual is responsible for answering calls, recording the guest requests and then pursuing the issue to a closing and then, .the individual must exhibit courteous hospitality at all times and fully own each guest issue. When in communication with the guest, the individual must be proactive in every area, including religious offering accessal services. Lastly, most importantly, the individual must coordinate the response to the guest issue and then follow-up with the guest to ensure satisfaction with the result.1.3 resultAs conclusion, this assignment to know unalike organizational structures in hotels, update and develop procedures necessary to practice in all aspects of fire, health and resort in the hotel workplace, pr oviding effective leadership in the role of receptionist, inform and discipline trainee receptionist in a positive attitude to the responsibilities and duties of front office, an overview of job opportunities and progression, go through job descriptions and process applications.Small hotelMedium hotelLarge hotel2.0 QUESTION 22) Front office staffs must have certain skills to attract guests during the offset printing impression. Write about Front Office staff skill in guest relations.2.1 INTRODUCTIONThe Front Office Department comprise of the Reception, Guest Service Offices, Bell Services, Reservation, Operators, Executive Club, Health and Recreation Center and Business Center. The purpose of the Front Office Department is to provide guests assistance with luggage, transportation, information concerning the hotel and the city, and any other service arrangements needed during their stay. Employees of the Front Office Department often provide the first and last impression of the ho tel to our guests. It is therefore vitally important that employees display a prompt and courteous attitude to all guests and demonstrate the excellence in service.2.2 FRONT OFFICE STAFF readinessFirstly, the front office staff should have a good personality, well dressed and neat. Individuals who well dress suggest power and status therefore, the first impression is only part of creating a positive relationship between the hotel and the customers. According to Fitzsimmons and Fitzsimmons (1998 1994) presented that the front office staff must present an spic-and-span outward appearance to customers.Secondly, the staff should be competent. They should know basic harvest-tide knowledge, type of rooms and hotel facilities in the hotel. As Binham Lampola Murray (1982 17) suggested that front office staff should know many types of rooms and explain each type of rooms which are single rooms, double rooms, twin rooms, suites, connecting rooms and adjoining rooms.Thirdly, the guests wh itethorn have different accents in English and some words are difficult for front office staff to understand due to the different countries, particularly, for the reservations or the operators who deal with customers by phone. fair and Beckley (1988) mentioned that front office staff should use alphabetic system which is similar to the system that used by travel agents and airlines. Tanpipat (1994) suggested an alphabet to be used, for example, M for Mike, N for Nancy, P for Peter. Moreover, White and Beckley (1988 51) pointed out that when telephone operators answer the telephone, they should identify themselves, announce the name of the hotel, with the addition of Good morning or Good evening with the appropriate intonation. The excess words, May I help you? will give the impression of willingness to serve, which is all important in hotel.ConclusionIn conclusion, front office staff should make their guests happy and satisfied. As keys to the guest satisfaction driver, the front o ffice staffs are critical to the continued success of the hotel. They offer constant guest interaction, with the most diverse operating exposure in the hotel. The important thing, the front office staff will also reflect the image of the hotel to the customers and they have a keen sense to anticipate the guests, needs and exceed their expectations.

Topic Shifting In A Dinner Conversation English Language Essay

Topic duty period In A Dinner parley English Language actConversation is a genuinely important thing in wads life, and rat non be separated from it. volume communicate with former(a)s by using their phrase in return in to sh ar education, to pee acquainted with each other and for the most division to maintain a kindly relationship.In the dialogue, not every adept is dealt the same hand, in legal injury of opportunities to speak and be hyperkinetic syndromeressed, and in terms of what each fecal matter hope to say as loudspeaker system and to hear as addres implement. wrestle pickings is an intrinsic feature of communication (Wilson, Wie humann Zimmerman 1984), it same(p)wise is a underlying form of organization in conversation, and a fundamental organization of social fundamental interaction. People enforce round of drinks taking every day when they bear on conversations in every social context when they dialogue, they polish off brings, dwell for div erges, compete for turns to sh atomic number 18 their feeling and their k at a judgment of convictionledge, to crumble information, to open them and besides issue forth the feedback from the other participants. Humans command turns in m any antithetic slip style self-election, alternating with another(prenominal) speaker, back channeling, and taking another turn if t here(predicate) is a pause or an interruption in the conversation.In any conversation, it is impossible for the participants let looseing about one affair scarce from flockoff to the end. They impart change or happy chance the yield from one to another which may be similar or different. Topic deracinations in conversation often happen when speaker transitions break down ( later a silence, e.g.), or aft(prenominal) a story, the close speaker case the outlet, some successions they shift back to the previous one, refocus on something (inappropriately) in the previous speakers talk, or disagree with th e previous speaker, sometimes they do not, either of which give the bounce express a exit shift. (Maynard, Douglas W, 1980)Statement of the ProblemIn no discipline what situation, formal or informal, when deal talk natur tout ensembley, their conversation is goal-oriented, and face-to-face dialogue. They use words, prosody, system language, manual gesture, gaze, facial expressions, and spatial attention via head and tenderness movements to put one across their turns, and wait for the turns. However, some people do not remuneration attention to how the conversation works, and how the conversation is organized, they give talk out of the turn, and cannot get a turn in edgewise. If people do not take the turn properly, or take the wrong turn, it go forth intrrupte the poeple who is in turn, and also the conversation can not go smoothly.People also will not talk about one topic hardly would kind of relate it to other topics which can be subtopics or new topics, sometimes the other participants do not realize it and as a core they do not produce coherent utterances. The participants call that others still talk about the outset topic while actually the topic has already shifted to a new one, which is different from the first one. Therefore, it is important for the participants to notice that shift of the topic in a conversation to keep the conversation satiny well.Objective of the StudyThis plain is get down to get out a interpretation of what happens when much(prenominal) than one mortals talk at in one case in conversation how the simultaneous talk ar organized in the practices how the turn-taking and topic alter relate to each other in the conversation. It also tries to explain how people take the turn in the conversation, why they shift the topic from one to a different one. piece 2 Literature Review2.1 Conversation AnalysisSchiffrin Deborah (1989) defined conversation digest as a sub subject of deal analysis that considers spoken di alogue. Considers what the structure of the conversation might be how core and actions argon negotiated in conversation role of context and social interaction in understanding conversation. According to Lee (1987), people cast off a variety of implicit and explicit goals when they engage in conversation, the conversation analysis argon capable of reflecting them, discerning the distinctions of them, and some other expound, such(prenominal) as the compute of people present, their someonealities and interests, the presence or absence of preexisting relations, and details of the physical surroundings, at least to some extent.Drew Heritage (1992) argued that how people use and modify conversational resources to get things done in organizational settings, which frequently involve problematic exchanges. E limitedly when the interactions of people occupy different institutional roles, the issue of conversational differentiation takes center stage. The interesting theoretical quest ion is then seen to be how these roles get translated into differences, or asymmetries, in conversational entitlements and obligations, nevertheless if the people argon in the same institutional role, it is frailty verse.Local (1986) argued that conversation participants appear to exploit variable spoken language elements at all linguistic levels (prosodic, phonological, morphological, and syntactic in frame to foretell contextual presuppositions and also to utilize resources at the nonverbal level (gestural, kinesic, and proxemic ). In fact, their chief function is to signal participants orientation to one another. Sometimes they argon utilize primarily to contextualize the imminent completion of a turn at talk or a topic shift, barely at other times they eat the capacity to signal the social identities and attitudes of participants.2.2 Turn takingSacks Schegloff (1974) devoted much of their effort to the analysis of turn taking in conversation. Turn taking is part of wh at they call members subroutines of achieving orderly and meaningful communication. The slipway in which conversation participants formula and modify their utterances are naturally occurring statements do by themselves, and how they make sense of each others contri thations. This tacit, organized reasoning procedure is critical for our understanding of how social relationships are developed and higher-level social orders achieved. The acquired this experience of conversational organization can then be applied to institutional organization in order to demonstrate how these institutions were talked into being.According to Duncan (1972), people attempt to get the turn by self- filmion at a transition relevancy place by using methods that are usually successful in face-to-face conversations, such as intake of breath, leaning forward and start to speak. He suggested several cues that the speaker employs to indicate the end of a turn or invite the auditor to take a turn. These cu es include dropping pitch at the end of a sentence, the drawl of a syllable at the end of sentence, the termination of a gesture, specific phrases at the end of syntactic units, and changes in gaze direction, such as the speakers looking away from the attender as an utterance begins and toward the hearer as the utterance ends.Goodwin (1981) elaborated on the role of gaze in turn-taking by considering the gaze of the hearer, and the coordination of the gaze of conversational participants. He claimed that the speakers look away at the beginning of turns occurs to avoid overloading information in the planning of an utterance. Gaze behavior has been used in the design of embodied conversational agents, but it may not occur on every occasion.The absence of turn taking organization would subvert the possible action of stable trajectories of action and responsive action through which goal-oriented projects can be launched and pursued through talk in interaction, whether to success or af fliction (Schegloff 1988).2.3 Topic ShiftingWardhaugh (1971) argued that a conversation usually covers a number of topics and involved shifts from one topic to another, and sometimes also a integrate of topic. It means that in a conversation, the speakers do not only talk about one topic from the beginning to the end, but they tend to shift the topic to another one, which can be considered as the sub-topic of the previous topic or a new topic, it is different from the previous one. Similarly, Brown and Yule (1983) hold that topic shift is the change of topic in a conversation, the speakers add another subject of discussion to the conversation to make the conversation more(prenominal) interesting and effective.McCarthy (1991) indicated that the topic shifting is very important in guardianship the conversation tone ending on and avoiding silence. Therefore, speakers tend to talk not only one topic but also relate to another topic which sometimes has relation with the previous and sometimes dose not, in order to make the conversation going on run smoothly. In addition, Stenstrom (1994) set flipper kinds of topic shift which are differentiated in terms of their relation with the previous topic. They are topic shift, topic drift, topic digresses, and topic resume. And also she stated that pauses mark the topic shift.Section 3 methodological analysis and info Collection3.1 ParticipantsThe participants of this canvass consisted of seven persons, six females and one male, five are Chinese from china, two are Chinese in local, patriarchal from 24 to 33. One is a reporter of a local Chinese newspaper, six of them are contain students, three of them are studying in the Faculty of Computor Science, while other three are studying in the Faculty of Languages and Linguistics, UM. They are from different phantasmal backgroud, one is Christain, one is one-half Christain, one is Buddhism, one is free thinker, three are Muslin. All of them are singles. They knew eac h other long time ago, and are quite shut friends. dong was going to China, so Chun orgenized the simple dinner at her house, others were invited to the dinner as well as me.3.2 Tools and ProcedureIn this study, the data was undisturbed by tape- memorialiseing and obvervation during an informal and natural setting dinner conversation in the friends house, which lasted for one and a half hour. The conversation were transcribed into 18 short(p) segments in terms of the pauses in the conversation. Each of the segments is between at least two persons from the beginning to the end of the dinner.The tape-recordings were conducted by a hidden mp3 in the natural occurred dinner conversation the tape-recorder turned on mp3 and conjugate their conversation, and tested to get talking from every participant, and also observed the participants facial expressions, gestures, body language, gaze, nod and eye movements in the whole process, which the tape-recording cannot get. This made it po ssible to record the entire verbal interaction from start to finish. Signed consent was obtained from all the subjects.The tape-recording was transcribed based on the pauses, 18 segments of the turns in this study. Turns were assigned on the reproduction when another may or did speak. Based on the exposition of a turn the possibility for a single speaker to take several consecutive turns, in a series, or a row, exist. The transcript revealed that speakers in any casek turns not only alternately but consecutively.Section 4 Data Analysis and FindingsThe data was analyzed in this chapter according to the research questions, and the time consequence. From the data we can see that people charter different ways to take their turns and defecate different attentions to shift the topics.4.1 People in the conversation in additionk their turns in the different ways.4.1.1 The underway speaker always as well ask their turns by self-selection. They selected the turn by looking at that per son, or by asking that person a question. Actually, if the trustworthy-speaker wishes to select the succeeding(a)-speaker, he or she will do so prior to the next transition-place,dingdong Li yan, I read an obligate.Dong Ma pin is very lust, my words are too bad.Dong It is delicious.Dong You are very sexy today.Dong We have a new housemate,I Everybody looks at me?Dong I met the man today.Ma This one is very delicious, Chun cui.Dong Chun cui, I need radio internet, how to equip do you know?Dong Nobody spend more than 50 pounds on telephone in UK. Because..Zhao When will you give me the previous(prenominal) form exam papers?Zhao Arabian are very stupid,Dong Enmy friend.one of my friends tell he .Dong There is a very handsome guy in UM,Chun She is the friend of my housemates, named mad Jun, they are my friends.Dong You guys should marry the local high tell apartDong We are the transient guests of Malaysia.Wan I knew from internet that Zhang xueyou will.From the data above, we can see all of the speakers took turns by addressing the person within the group, praising the clothes and food, sexual intercourse the experience, introducing the newcomer, and asking the questions and so forth, to open a new turn. Because it is a additional farewell dinner for Dong, who was going back to China, and also she is a more experienced person in this group, so she took the majority of the turns in order to keep the conversation smoothly and avoid the silence.4.1.2 Several cues that the current speaker employs to indicate the end of a turn or invite the hearer to take a turn. The number speaker acquires their turnsFirst, a person takes the turn after being address, or face to face talking with current speaker, the second speakers receive the turns by being addressed or tell the questions.Dong Ma pin is very lust, my words are too bad, ah?Ma It is OK that is the fact.Dong Why?I Nothing, full scorn him.Dong You are more beautiful recently, yes, definitely.Li Really? I t is good.Zhao Chun cui, can I take some away?Chun Sure.Chun Who?Dong Our new housemate.Li En, it is so delicious, how did you cook?Chun It was Li Yan did.I What did you say just now? What is higher that what?Dong Salary is AD6000 (Australia Dollar), allowance is higher than salary.Dong Chun cui, I want wireless internet, how to equip it, do you know ?Chun I think you should go to the service center.Zhao Who told you that?Dong I am studying it, how come I dont know, who told me.Zhao Where did you go yesterday?I I taught mandarin orange tree to Korean.Zhao How many an(prenominal) students do you teach?I 6 now.Zhao When will you give me the historic year exam papers?Chun I am going to give you on Thursday.Zhao How about next Monday? In the evening?Chun Ok, maybe I will go to main subroutine library to do my assignments, I will give you.Chun Can you do it?Dong Definitely, big business there, I should work for one yearChun Do you have one year to do that?Dong If I do PHD, I can do. T he first three months will be difficult, but it will make bullion since the fifth month.Chun But, is the location rightfully very good?Second, a person speaks after someone else is addressed. That is to say, the current speaker does not select next speaker, the second speaker is self-selected.The second speakers seize the turns to show their agreement, their knowledge, to avoid the untune and to indicate their curiosity.Third, a person speaks after someone speaks to the group, then he/ she takes the turn immediately.The second speakers claim the turn to comfort someone, to answer the questions, to show the humble, to express the agreements and disagreements, and to catch the information.Fourth, a person is already in stubbornness and go ons, no other participant selects him or herself as next speaker, current speaker continue speaking.The second speakers continue the turns to keep the conversation stream and avoid the silence by shifting to a new topic.4.2 People in the conver sation shifted many topics.The topics of the conversation shifted based on the pauses, that also is our definition of the turn. Sometimes one topic was in one turn, sometimes more that one topic in one turn. As a whole. The topic shifted from an article to girlfriend and boyfriend, nice clothes, new housemate, study and emigrant, charge losing, wireless internet, telephone bill, population, exam, assignment doing, business doing, handsome guy, life and study in Malaysia, the job of reporter, violence, marridge, moralitys, money making, study, famous singer and actresses and so forth. Since this was a dinner conversation, the food was inserted in the conversation from time to time.There are 18 pauses in the conversation, but the topics are 21.4.2.1 Showing the knowledgeDong Li yan, I read an article which was named The same gender group but not gay from the newspaper, it said the some girls rather drink, chat or read with girls than with some boys that they dont like. A girl said i f you want to disentangle yourself from this special group, you must pay more attention to whom you love than friends.Zhao It is too many Chinese now, the treatment is not very good after emigration.Dong Salary is AD6000 (Australia Dollar), allowance is higher that salary.Chun Last time we used the wireless internet, why can not it be reached now?Dong No signal, I think it is failed for trying. It starts from Block 5, and covers 500 meters. Sometimes it is strong, and sometimes it is very weak.Dong Nobody spend more than 50 pounds on telephone in UK. Because..Li Because of that, Chinese tourists reduced from 500 atomic number 19 to 300 thousand. At the beginning, they said she was not from China, she was a local, but they said she was from China.I No, I think no matter in which country, what race, religion just belong to ordinary people, people who has power or exclusive right in politics are so-so on religion.I It happens in china, so does in Malaysia. This is human beings natur al, religion is about after dying, but people prefer the present lives.Wan No scholarship in mainland China, and no part time job is allowed.I It is said that Malaysia government did the investigation that the education system in mainland China and Russia are similar, they are too strict, but the students have more freedom in chinaware and Hong Kong, that is why many people prefer to study in mainland China and Hong Kong.The participants are from different ages, different education backgrounds, diferent religious backgrouds, so they have different living experience, different woking experience, different knowledge and differnt intereasting, they told something that they knew to others, while others did not know.4.2.2 Sharing the knowledge and interestingDong A few eld ago, I heard a little boy from China was killed here, but the police couldnt find the murder. His father was worried a lot, and has come here for four times.Wan Yes, it was homicide, it was not commit suicide. But, the victim was there, the body was there, only no murder. So our report evaded serious matter and took up trifles.Wan I knew from internet that Zhang xueyou will hold a music concert in Malaysia, I like him very much.Dong Me too, his voice is really unique, I didnt watch his music concert in Shenyang (her hometown). He held just after I had come to Malaysia. I collected all his songs. He is my forever favorite. I am his faith fan.I One of my friends is Zhao weis fan, Zhao weis pictures are in her study room, kitchen, and headphone. She also changes the pictures.Ma Zhao wei is Ok, I hate Zhang ziyi.Li Me too, I hate Zhang ziyi, I like Gong li. Since Zhang ziyi became famous, I like Gong li.All of the participants are Chinese, five are from mainland China, and two are local, they speak the same language, Mandarin Chinese, so their interestings are somehow the same. They joined in the conversation and shared their knowledge and interesting.Exchanging their experienceDong Enmy friend.on e of my friends said he will open a ready reckoner shop to me at the gate of a shopping center.Dong It is behind the shopping mall, four computer shops there, he has the braches in China, he wants to fall in with me, the capital is from him, I do service and selling.Wan It is hard to be a reporter, we rest one day in one week. If we dont have readers for our newspapers and magazines, we must be in trouble, and our works should be ratified by some leaders. Such as the case of the Chinese lady from China (the policemen forced her to take off the clothes), some reporter were punished, which give us a warning.Among this group of people, some are working now (full time or part time), some worked before, some did not work at all, and each job has its own characteristic. So they introduced their experience and job features.Indicating curent concernsZhao When will you give me the past year exam papers?Chun I am going to give you on Thursday,Zhao On Thursday? I will start memorizing.Chun Why do you memorize them? They are useless.Zhao I want to have a look.Chun I will copy one set to you. I will bring them to office to copy.Zhao How about next Monday? In the evening?Chun Ok, maybe I will go to main library to do my assignments, I will give you.Zhao Arabian are very stupid, my group members are Arabian, our project got a very low mark.I Yes? Why dont you change?Dong You guys should marry the local high class otherwise you dont have happy life. Generally speaking, Chinese marry Malay is not only because of love, but the good policy from government as well. If you marry high class, you will have more chances.Six of participants were Master students, and the exam was coming, so they worried a lot about the exams. oddly Zhaolei, who is in his first semester, asked something about the exam that interrupted conversation vey often.Section 5 Conclusion and ImplicationsThis study primarily concentrates on issues of turn taking and topic shifting in the casual conversation. I t demonstrates that conversations are organized by turn taking when more than one persons talk at once in conversation, and the verbal turns are token by shifting the topics in conversation.The turn taking distributes turns among conversations, especially face-to-face communication, usually individuals have a unique pattern of turn taking that identifies them in the same way a fingerprint does. The current speakers always take their turns by self-selection and select the next speaker by looking at that person, or by asking that person a question. On the contrary, the second speakers acquire their turns by the current speakers indicating the end of a turn or inviting the hearer to take turn. They may address, or talk face to face with the speakers who are going to receive the turn. If the current speaker does not select next speaker, the second speakers self-select and seize the turns to show their agreement, their knowledge, and to indicate their curiosity. Moreover, the second spea kers claim their turn after the current speaker speak to the group, not to him/herself. Besides, the current speakers will continue speaking if no other participant selects him or herself as the next speaker.In the conversation, topic shifting marks the meta-knowledge of speakers or hearers shared knowledge. The topics selected are interested for all participants, whose experiences also develop interest. Every participant contributed their special knowledge, ideas, information and interest at hand. They shift the topics with different motivations, sometimes once in a turn, sometimes more that once within a turn. They are all Chinese, even they are from two countries, they speak Mandarin Chinese, and they are all singles, they have many interests in common. They shared their knowledge and interests. And also among this group, people are from different ages, different education backgrounds, and diferent religious backgrouds, some are working now (full time or part time), some worked b efore, some did not work at all, so they have different living experience, different woking experience, different knowledge. So they indicated their current concerns, change their experience and job features. Last but not least, when the pause came, and vigor was important, they just picked up the topic at hand to continue the conversation, such as weight losing or money making.The findings that truly reflect the data and the motivations of the participants, which is a more nature phenomena and the aims of the investigation. They not only provided an understanding of the conversation, but also demonstrated the degree to which the topics were interrelated. They gives some indication of the coherence of the conversation, which can be linked to other data sources in the study, and can provide a pathway from process to outcomes and outputs in the future studies. The finding of this study also would be valuable in giving a distinctly understanding on the characteristics of the turn ta king and topic shiting, especially the topic continuing shift seemed to be a factor in the motivations to mend communication, and inspiring other researchers to make further research on this field

An Inspector Calls by J.B. Priestley :: Papers

An Inspector Calls by J.B. Priestley In my English line I have been reading the play An Inspector Calls The play is nigh a fairly well- stumble family (the rotates) who have their evening spoilt by having an inspector call round, to ask them questions about a girl, Eva Smith, who drank some antimicrobic to kill herself. I am going to start my comparisons with the head of the house-hold, Arthur Birling. Arthur Birling is a selfish, arrogant, family human race who doesnt know the meaning of the word responsibility. The play starts off with the family sat around the dining table, toasting to the daughter, Sheilas, engagement to Gerald Croft. While the girls (Sheila and her mother, Sybil) remnant off to the drawing room, Arthur decides to teach Gerald something about responsibility A man has to school principal his own business and look after himself and his own He also has a fairly good reason as to why he thinks like this, and he tells so to the inspector If we were all responsible for everything that happened to everybody wed had anything to do with, it would be very awkward, wouldnt it? When Arthur doesnt know the full story as to why the inspector has arrived, he tries to use his importance to get his way. He threatens the inspector with the interest phrase Ive half a mind to report you perhaps I ought to warn you that our chief constable hes an old friend of mine, and that I follow through him fairly often Arthur doesnt react at all to the death of Eva, and he acts as though such is life. When the inspector leaves towards the end of the play, Arthur tries to think of all sorts of ideas to prove that the man wasnt an inspector at all, - proving that Arthur didnt change at all in reaction to the death of one of his former employees. Sybil Birling is Arthurs wife. She is very like her economize in being selfish, and is very unrepentant. Sybil finds out that she had

Church Burnings :: essays research papers

Racism Blamed in Shock undulate of Church Burnings, read the screaming headline in the New York periodical News. The South is Burning A Rash of Torching at Black Churches Has Resurrected the disfigured Specter of Racism, chimed in the Toronto Star. Newsweek warned of Terror in the Night Down South, epoch ground forces Today report that Arson at Black Churches Echoes credulity of Past.(Fumento 1) In the summer of 1996, the U.S. media widely reported a surge in white racist burnings of black churches in the American South. It all started the boil down for Democratic Renewal announced a huge increase in arsons against black churches by whites. Black churches were burning at the rate of sensation per week, mostly due to arson (Swett 2). The media jumped on the story.The racial church burnings in short became issues of Politicians. President Bill Clinton was running for re-election and desperately needed the votes of the black communities. Clinton do the discrimination issue a priority. Clinton held a White House pourboire on the issue and assigned the FBI to investigate. Eventually, he passed a law authorizing 12 million dollars to fight arsons of churches. During a passionate speech President Clinton shared that he had, vivid and painful memories of black churches being burned in my own situate when I was a child. Ironically, historians and civil rights activists in atomic number 18 could find no mention of any church arsons in the state during his childhood. Furthermore, Al Gore was quoted For a very large number of the burnings, what you ordain find ultimately, I predict, is that a common thread of underlying racialism is present.(Elven 2)The church burnings had all the makings of a great story mystery, race, religion and an supernatural echo of the past.(Heyboer 1). Michael Fumento a journalist for the Wall Street Journal wrote, It appears that the state-supported may be finally catching on that the black church burning epidemic of 1996 is act ually one of the biggest hoaxes to come along in years. In fact, independent investigations by several reporters, including those at the Associated press, The New Yorker and USA Today have revealed no plague and little evidence of racism. Michael Kelly, reported that fires at churches both white and black had sharply decreased since 1980, and that the overall number in 1994 was the lowest in fifteen years. Kelly explains the rise in church burnings was impart because of copycat arsons who may have been racist precisely who also had been inspired by the media attention given to the fires.