Meaning of Life and Dad Essay

The most influential person in my life is my dad. The reason why my dad is the most influential person to me is because he is my dad. My dad has been their for me since day 1. He always had my back through everything no matter how much fights we get into he will always be hear for me. My dad always wants to see me succeed in life he doesn’t want to see me fail. He inspires me in so many different way of what he does. A couple of examples of how my dad inspires me is he always helps me through everything he never let me down. He always told me to stand high and never give up on my dreams he was the one who pushed me to succeed to the person who I am now my dad has always been their for me and he will always have my back. He is my hero! My dad is such a hard working man he always told me to get a good job in this economy because you cant go no where in life without a good gob or a good degree in something. Growing up, my father taught me many valuable lessons, specifically to be kind to everyone and to never give up. These simple but important lessons have shaped my life in its entirety. My dad is the kindest man that I have ever met. He never talks bad about others always helps other people, and always tries to do the right thing no matter what the cost to himself. He is kind, thoughtful generous and honest. I attribute much of who I am as a person to my dad and I thank him for his dedication to our family . My dad gave me the confidence to go out and explore the world around me. From these opportunities, I have acquired skills, gained leadership experience and know that I can do anything if I persevere. I know what it means to be accountable for the decision I make and people entrusted to my care. I have stood up to those who were discriminating and demonstrated that respect for each other is important. I have learned in order to achieve a goal one must make a plan, get others on board, secure necessary resources and then go out and DO IT!!! I learned to not listen to the people who say it is impossible, and to get the complainers involved. I have had unique opportunities to train, lead and mentor. I have seen tragedies and poverty and have learned to appreciate what I have: my family friends university and country. None of these life lessons would have be possible without the support and guidance of my father. My dad always told me to follow my dreams and never let go ever since than I am following my dreams thanks to my dad! He is the most influential person to me in my life.

Meaning of life †2006 singles Essay

Have you ever wondered what the meaning of life is, the purpose of our existence. Life is truly a mystery we know very little of our own selves. Something beautiful as a life is something amazing to watch. A life is considered priceless. Life is a treasure among treasures. I consider it a miracle that I am alive and talking to all of you today. The chances of me being here is 1in 5 million, and yet I am here. The same goes for all of you present here today. All of us should feel blessed that we get to experience the privilege of living. The miracle of life begins with the love of two people because of this love a life is created. One good thing leads to another. They’re maybe time that we are challenged, but we should never yield instead we take these challenges as an opportunity to grow in life. If somehow you fall all you need to do is simply stand up again and again. Life is not just a bed of roses we need to fight for what we want and stand for whatever we believe in. Don’t be afraid to encounter risks. It is by taking chances that we learn how to be brave.Don’t shut love out of your life by saying it’s impossible to find time. The quickest way to receive love is to give; the fastest way to lose love is to hold it too tightly; and the best way to keep love is to give it wings.Don’t run through life so fast that you forget not only where you’ve been, but also where you are going.Don’t forget, a person’s greatest emotional need is to feel appreciated.Don’t be afraid to learn. Knowledge is weightless, a treasure you can always carry easily.Don’t use time or words carelessly. Neither can be retrieved. Our generation is so attached to technology that we become like machines. We spend so much time on our gadgets that we fail to notice the things around us. We fail to see the beautiful world around us. Living is not simply eating and breathing is if we spend so much time on our cell phones and playing computer games then we were never alive in the first place. Our life is the greatest gift we are given. The memories we make with our friends and family. We laugh, cry, love and hate these are the proof that we are truly alive. Each and every one of us is irreplaceable all of us are one of a kind. Don’t think of your life as something insignificant maybe just by the act of living you are making someone happy. There is one thing to remember Life is not a race, but a journey to be savored each step of the way.

Joyas Voladoras Essay

Brian Doyle Joyas Volardores Analysis Brian Doyle’s work, Joyas Voladoras, is about humming birds, a whale, worms, and a cat dragging itself into the forest to die. He uses a lot of metaphors and anthropomorphism in his style to grab your attention. By describing the life we live and how we love, Doyle compares and contrasts differences and similarities between the Hummingbird, Tortoise, Blue whale, small insects and humans. He talks about love and emotion, insecurities and loneliness, and childhood memories. Doyle emphasizes that life is precious and that there are different ways to live your life. In the beginning of the story Doyle reveals the meaning of â€Å"Joyas Voladoras†, meaning â€Å"Flying Jewels†. He brings to the reader, in vivid detail, the Hummingbird. With each following description, the reader is fed an informative education about this fascinating bird. Doyle describes the humming birds heart by saying that the humming bird has a, â€Å"thunderous wild heart the size of an infants fingernail† (147). Joyas Voladoras Meaning He gradually elongates his ideas, simply giving the reader a moment to reflect before elucidating the humming bird’s many talents. He says that humming birds can fly â€Å"backwards [or] fly more than five hundred miles without pausing to rest.† (147) â€Å"But when they rest they come close to death.† (147) Doyle is grabbing the reader and explaining how fragile life is. You could live every day not knowing that today could be your last. Just like the Hummingbird with, â€Å"their hearts slugging nearly to a halt, barely beating.†(147) Doyle cites the numerous variations of Hummingbirds to our own beating hearts. He says that when a humming bird dies â€Å"each mad heart silent, a brilliant music stilled.†(147) Just as that of our own heart. Joyas Voladoras may seem as if it has no real significance. Yet, given Doyle’s backstory, I came to understand that his son was born with only three out four chambers in his heart. Through this experience, Doyle is writing about how precious life really is. And, by conveying this experience he had with his son, through the hummingbird as a metaphor, it allows us to reflect on our own lives. Doyle suggests that hummingbirds live their lives quickly. He says we each have â€Å"approximately two billion heartbeats to spend in a lifetime† (148). You can live your life many ways. You can live you life like that of a tortoise, â€Å"slowly [and] live to be two hundred years old.† (148) Or, you can life your life like that of  a hummingbird, in the fast lane and live for only two years. Same two billion heartbeats in a lifetime, yet two different pathways of life. â€Å"As big as a room. It is a room, with four chambers. A child could walk around in.†(148) Doyle introduces the blue whale, the biggest heart in the world. I believe that in this metaphor, Doyle wants you to visualize the vast difference in size between the humming birds heart, the size of a pencil eraser and the blue whale’s heart so large a child could walk around in it. A heart is a heart. No matter what animal, it is what keeps us all alive. However, it’s through our different life styles, that we chose the longevity of our own life. â€Å"There are perhaps ten thousand blue whales in the world, living in every ocean on earth, and of the largest mammal who ever lived we know nearly nothing. But we know the animals with the largest hearts in the world generally travel in pairs.† (148) They know how to live life and love. By living and loving together as a pair they take care of each other every day. Something we all want in life, to love and be loved. â€Å"So much held in a heart in a lifetime. So much held in a heart in a day, an hour, a moment.† (148) Here Doyle is saying how important life is. He compares that to a house in which we all live alone. â€Å"We are utterly open with no one.†(148) We choose who comes into our heart, but are always still living alone. We live like this because we are afraid to of a â€Å"constantly harrowed heart†. (148) As we age our hearts become â€Å" bruised and scarred, scorned and torn, repaired by time and will.† (148) As we live our lives we love. We get hurt through all of life’s heartbreaks, but with time we become whole and â€Å"repaired† but we continue to remain fragile. You can continue to let people in your heart, but each person you let in your heart can be loved or be hurt. You can make â€Å"your heart as stout and tight and hard and cold and impregnable as you possibly can and down it comes in an instant.†(148) He brings you in with tantric imagery we can all relate too, as that of â€Å"a child’s apple breath. The word’s I have something to tell you, a cat with a broken spine dragging himself into the woods to die†¦ [or] the memory of your father’s voice early in the morning making pancakes for his children.† (148-149) I personally have an emotional connection with this story. My sister was born with a severe heart condition. Just like Doyle’s son. But instead of three chambers, she has only two. Having seven open-heart surgeries since infancy and Twenty-Six years of worry and heartache, I can say it’s definitely been  a long journey for my sister. To live everyday not knowing what to expect has really enlightened me, and my family. It’s taught me to live everyday graciously and cherish those around you, because you never know what the next minute will bring. Doyle’s work is a beautiful examination of the human heart. He uses an infinite array of metaphors of the heart, explaining the lost passages of life and love. Seeming so insignificant, these memories bring back emotions from past experiences. Through his work he encourages us to see that life is precious and that there are different ways to live your life In general, live every moment of your life. Joyas Voladoras.. â€Å"Flying jewel.† Works Cited DiYanni, Robert. One Hundred Great Essays. New York, Pearson Longman, 2008. Hochstetler, J. M. Native Son. Grand Rapids, MI, Zondervan, 2005. â€Å"‘Joyas Voladoras’ by Brian Doyle.† â€Å"Joyas Voladoras† by Brian Doyle – HCC Learning Web, https://theamericanscholar.org/joyas-volardores/#.V7yq-FsrK9I.

Homework 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Homework 3 - Essay Example The physical stimulus of temperature is transduced in the development so as to modulate the expression of the genes coding for steroid genic enzymes and sex steroid hormone receptors. In the temperature dependent sex determination, every individual possesses an equal ability of becoming either male or female. Temperature triggers the activation of one sex-determining cascade. Temperature dependent sex determination is an evolutionary precursor to the genotype sex-determining mechanisms, mainly characteristic of birds and mammals (Becker 249). Exogenous estrogens are used in embryos for the production of females at temperatures that produce only males. On the other hand, an aromatase inhibitor is administered to produce males at temperatures that produce only females. Aromatase is administered since it is the key enzyme that converts androgens to estrogens (Valenzuela & Lance 211-227). In the temperature dependent sex determination, temperature is the regulatory factor that determines the sex of the organisms. It is during the incubation period that the temperature is controlled in favor of the desired sex. The method has proved to be efficient form of environmental sex determination

Fundamentals of Macroeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fundamentals of Macroeconomics - Essay Example GDP is mainly applied in determining the stability of a country’s economy. Calculations of gross domestic product are commonly done using the expenditure method, which adds total consumption, investment, government spending and net exports (Dolan, 2010). Real gross domestic product refers to gross domestic product evaluated based on the prevailing market prices in a given year. Real GDP can also be regarded as inflation corrected gross domestic product. Real GDP has the capability to indicate changes in the price level with a high accuracy compared to nominal gross domestic product (Dolan, 2010). This refers to the gross domestic product figure that has not received any adjustments on inflation. It is also the value of services as well as goods produced in a given country after the final stage of production. Increased purchase of groceries by households is a clear indicator of their improved economic status. This fact enhances growth of existing businesses as well as the emergence of new investments. In such a situation, the government benefits from increased tax collections obtained from value added tax and taxation from investments (Dolan, 2010). This refers to the reduction of the number of people under employment in a given country. The implications of undertaking such a step include negative impacts on the government, households, and businesses. Massive layoff of employees means that a large number of people within a country will have a reduced purchasing power. In such situations, household living standards will come down; businesses will close down due to low purchases, and government’s revenue collection will go down. Economically stable citizens within a country comprise a key pillar of a country’s economy (Dolan, 2010). Revenues generated from taxation are the principal financers of the government budget. Therefore, a decrease in taxes implies that the government will strain in meeting its expenditures. On the other

An Analysis of Youth Voter Turnout in the UK Dissertation

An Analysis of Youth Voter Turnout in the UK - Dissertation Example In order to effectively interpret and analyse low voter turnout in Britain this dissertation draws on the voter surveys conducted by the, the Electoral Commission, British Election Study (BES) and Ipsos MORI before and after general elections and a number of empirical research studies conducted over time. Thus secondary sources are used because they provide a more realistic representation of youth voter turnout over a long period of time among a larger representative population sample using both quantitative and qualitative analyses. A single empirical study would only be able to cover a small population sample of voters in a single location, who may vote or not vote in upcoming elections. Secondary studies identify youth who failed to vote in past elections and trends indicating that young people are becoming increasingly alienated economically, socially and politically as well as generally disenchanted with democracy in Britain. Table of Contents Abstract 3 Table of Contents 4 Part I: Introduction to the Study 5 I.Introduction 5 II.Research Questions 6 IV.Significance of the Study 8 V.Research Methodology 8 VI.Organization of the Study 9 Part II: A Review of the Literature 10 I.Introduction 10 II.Evidence of Young Voter Turnout 10 A.Global Trends 10 B.Youth Voting Trends in Britain 13 III.Explaining the Youth Voter Turnout Downward Trajectory 14 IV. Previous Studies 18 Part IV: Young Voter Turnout Trends in Britain 21 Part V: Research Findings/Conclusion 24 Bibliography 27 Table of Figures Figure 1: Global Voter Turnout From 1945-2005.......................................................11 Figure 2: Voter Turnout by Age in 15 Western European Democracies.....................13 Figure 3: Nonvoters by Age Group from 1964-2005...................................................22 An Analysis of Youth Voter Turnout in the UK Part I: Introduction to the Study I. Introduction It is generally accepted that youth voter turnout in the UK is significantly lower than th e voter turnout for older cohorts (Parry, Moyser & Day, 1992; Heath & Park, 1997; Jowell & Park, 1998; Keaney & Rogers, 2006). Although voting trends in general are on the decline, younger voters’ turnout is declining at a more alarming rate than older voter turnout. A poll conducted by MORI in coordination with the Electoral Commission in 2001 concluded that 24% of voters between the age of 18 and 24 reported that they have never voted while only 6% reported having ever voted (Ipsos MORI, 2002). Another survey conducted in 2005 found that although 75% of register voters over the age of 65 voted, only 37% of younger voters voted (Keaney & Rogers, 2006). The British Election Study (1997) revealed that only 56% of young voters between the age of 18 and 24 turned out to vote in the British General Election in 1997. The British Election Study (2005) also reported that less that 48% of registered 18-24 year old voters turned up to vote in the 2005 British General Elections compare d to 75% of older voters. The Electoral Commission (2002) provides some insight into the declining trends among young voters in terms of voter turnout. Using data from an Ispos MORI survey, the Electoral Commission (2002) concluded that there were two primary factors influencing young voter

International Arbitration in Arab States Dissertation

International Arbitration in Arab States - Dissertation Example The primary data consist of statutes and cases providing direct evidence of the arbitration law and practices. Secondary data consist of textbooks, journal articles, and other publications relevant to international commercial arbitration, and arbitration in the Arab Middle East. Research results indicate that Islamic law has significant influence on attitudes, laws and practices relative to arbitration and international arbitration in the Arab Middle East. However, while Egypt and Jordan have made significant progress in modernizing their arbitration laws to accommodate increased international trade, Saudi Arabia, the most conservative Islamic state in the region is struggling to make these accommodations. Although a new law is currently underway in Saudi Arabia, its future is uncertain given the long history of ambivalence toward international commercial arbitration informed by unsatisfactory experiences highlighted by the ARAMCO decision in 1958. Despite Egypt’s progress it has also recently taken a step backward with the Ministry of Justices Decree of 2008. This Decree mandates that all arbitral awards are reviewed in secrecy by the Ministry of Justice.... 90; Elsaman, 2011, p. 8). Globalization has also increased the extent to which all states interact with one another in international commerce and international trade. As a result, states recognizing the inadequacy of domestic courts to deal with international commercial disputes have increasingly turned to international commercial arbitration as a more feasible method of resolving domestic disputes. However, according to Gemmell (2006), due to Islamic traditions and influences, the Islamic Middle East which is largely the Arab Middle East has not fully embraced a modern system of international commercial arbitration (p. 169). Of particular concern is the fact that although arbitration is consistent with Islamic tradition, enforcing international commercial arbitral awards in the Arab Middle East can be problematic. A number of national courts in the Arab Middle East, particularly Islamic courts have been averse to enforcing international commercial arbitral awards on the grounds that the award is inconsistent with public policies or more particularly, Islamic law and traditions (Elsaman, 2011, p. 8). This is arguably a loophole facilitated by international commercial arbitration itself. The New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, 1958 (hereinafter the New York Convention) permits member states to refuse enforcement of an award if it is found to be contrary to public policy (New York Convention, Article V(2)(b)). Complicating matters, the New York Convention does not define the phrase public policy. International commercial arbitration in the Arab Middle East is largely influenced by Islamic law and traditions more broadly known as Sharia compliant laws and traditions (Kutty, 2006, p. 566). Sharia in this regard

Counseling in Faith Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Counseling in Faith - Essay Example Pastoral service entails self actualization as it is a profession that gives a person the responsibility to act as a moral object to the society (Niklas 29). This aspect portrays one of the major roles of pastoral care apart from providing service to other people. Pastoral care also entails instilling a moral responsibility to through acting as a role model to the society. Many pastors, catechists and priest take up the role of the mirror in the society. For many students the essence of identity is professionalism. However vocation is a concrete factor influencing self identity as it is inspired by the desire to offer services to the community during the pastoral service. Pastoral care can therefore be referred to as a social service as well as a calling that pictures the pastoral minister as a role model as well as a servant to the society. Ethics in Pastoral Ministry Pastoral ministry has a broad application in the church than the council. Initially, the term minister was only refl ected to preachers in the protestant churches. Pastoral role had not been internalized and understood by many people in the society hence the term was used to focus on the ordinary meaning thus ignoring the deeper aspect of ministries. Currently, pastoral ministry has reflected on the bigger picture of pastoral identity which is service not only to the church but the entire community. The church acts as a symbol of pastoral service as being ordained only ushers people into the pastoral service but does not play the exact role in pastoral care. Catholic churches have strived to portray this notion through the roles that priests, clergymen and nuns play in the church. In the catholic community, the church is a symbol of the society. In this case, priests, clergymen and nuns act as servants of the societies in which they administer in church. Pastoral ethics are inspired by the moral character of a person. Priests, catechists and pastors have a moral obligation in a society as they are seen as model s of ethical values since their work entails the practice and teaching of good deeds in the society. However, ethical conduct does not come from the moral obligation but the virtues of a person. Virtues underscore the visions, roles and objectives of a pastoral minister. Pastoral minister are given the moral obligation of leading by example thus the moral values of a society are immensely contributed by the moral practices of a pastoral minister. There are many cases around the world relating to the morals and ethical conducts of church leaders. Many priests, catechists and pastors engage themselves in immoral behaviuors thus leading to the big question which is where or not to moral and ethical laws of conduct to religious leaders. The basic solution to this situation is to instill and enforce professional ethics to the religious leaders in order to limit them to the service of the society through the spreading of moral values. Professional ethics entails the use of professional duties to identify moral ethics. Priests, pastors and catechists have the duty of spreading the word of God to the people thus is expected to practice the content they preach to the society. This aspect makes religious leaders to be the reflection of moral character in a given society. When a person is ordained, he or she is given the

Self-Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Self-Assessment - Essay Example The value of quality communication skills is immeasurable especially when it comes to creating personal development and creating relationships. I tend to think of myself as outgoing and love initiating warm up conversations with people (Robbins, 2008). In an attempt to determine my strengths and weaknesses in terms of communication, I took a test on face-to-face communication style. The results, which prove what my peers think of me, indicate that I have a stronghold in the areas of being friendly, attentive to matters and contentious (Robbins, 2008). In addition, I appeared not only secretive about my own issues but to also leave an impression on people. My weak point according to the test on the face-to-face communication style include not being effective in delivering message to a group, being a loud communicator and finding it difficult to control myself in a heated debate. Several factors contributed to the perception by my peers that I am friendly. The first attribute was that I ordinarily introduce myself and give a handshake coupled with a smile, every time I meet a new person (Robbins, 2008). My peers were of the view that I tend to show effort in remembering the names of individuals. Most of my friends stated that I tend to associate the names of individuals close to me with a unique feature. To add to that is the perception that I often use courtesy words for instance Thank you and your welcome. According to Robbins (2008), with regard to the issue of paying attention to detail, majority of my peer argued that I occasionally make a lot of eye contact and nod my head to show understanding on an issue. My body language says it all as depending on the environment, I usually lean forward on the side of the speaker thereby indicating focus on the message. The perception of my contentiousness arises from the judgment that I argue my points from facts.

Giving economic circumstances over the last five years of how Tesco, Essay - 1

Giving economic circumstances over the last five years of how Tesco, Sainsbury and Morrisons have coped - Essay Example Falling house prices which were caused by shortage of mortgages made the economy to worsen and investor fell short of repaying their loans. This act made lending institutions to halt their loaning as they feared that their customers were unable to repay. Another cause for recession in United Kingdom was cost push inflation which made civil servants to squeeze their incomes and lower their disposal earnings. Citizen more so civil servants were very careful on every penny they spent for the cost of living had skyrocketed making them to evade any impulse buying. Lack of confidence with financial sector reduced confidence in real economy thus perpetuating low trading and therefore less revenue. Consequently, the retail sector which hugely depends on the buying behaviour of the customers was financially affected. The economic turmoil affected the overall retail sector worldwide to a large extent, top retail giants including Tesco, and Sainsbury also faced decline in their share prices due to a major brunt of the financial crisis (Hotten, 2008). Many retail sectors like the financial and other retail sectors did job cutting in order to combat the financial turmoil. Though the groceries giants like Tesco, Sainsbury and Morrison aimed at in creasing the jobs but due to the closure of some of the grocery depots like Tesco who closed its Daventry’s depot of Fast way distribution has resulted some job loss (The Telegraph, 2008). However, in the last five years except 2008 and 2009 UK witnessed a positive GDP growth rate (BBC News, 2011). At the end of 2009 UK recovered from the global recession which was caused due to the ripple effects of the failure of subprime loans and bankruptcy of the big financial institutions but can be hugely affected due to the predicted recession of 2012 which may happen mainly due to the debt crisis of the European countries (The Economic Times, 2011). The graph below shows how recession took place and the way

Fire investigation Essay Example for Free

Fire investigation Essay The triangle shirtwaist factory fire may have been cause by various flammable materials. The flammable materials that I could identify from the text that I was given were the lines of hanging patterns, the discarded rags on the floor and cutting tables, the shirts that have already been made, the table because they were probably made from wood and maybe the ceiling, walls and floor because that may have a material or something else flammable. The possible sources of ignition for the triangle shirtwaist factory fire could have been some faulty cables from the sewing machines causing the wires to rub together causing friction meaning that the cables would get hot and therefore this could be one ignition source. Another source could be gas lighters because in those days people were allowed to smoke in the work place. A gas lighter is not like a lighter nowadays because when it was alight it would not go out unless you put the cap over it unlike the lighter nowadays if you let go/ drop it the button comes back up instantly. Therefore, the gas lighter could have been a source of ignition if it was dropped. Another source of ignition could have been a cigarette. If it was not put out properly and was dropped, it could start the fire. Lastly, candles may have caused the fire because back in those days there would have been candles on each workbench so that the workers could see what they were doing because there were no lights back then. Due to there being candles around if one was knocked/ dropped it could have fell onto the rags on the floor causing the fire to start. Investigation of Liquid Combustion Introduction In this experiment, we will find out why some liquids burn at certain temperatures. Risk assessment Due to the fact that we are dealing with fire, long hair must be tried back goggles warn and lab coats on. There was also a risk of that somebody could bur themselves or set alight an object. In addition, if we were to pick up a hot crucible without gloves we must use appropriate equipment so that we do not burn our hands. Materials Crucible Heat proof mat Bunson Burner Tongs Splint String 1cm3 of kerosene 1cm3 of petroleum spirit. Method Petroleum (1cm3) was placed into a crucible and was then ignited using a lighted split. Once we lighted the petroleum and it had a burned we then poured 1cm3 of kerosene and attempted to ignite it using a lighted splint. After you have tried to light the kerosene with just a lighted splint place about 2-3 cm length of string into the crucible so that it is partly dipping into the liquid. Note the appearance how the kerosene lit. Results Petrol- The flame was quite tall and was yellow. The petrol ignited very quickly and there was soot around the edges of the crucible. When the petrol have burned the flame go smaller until it went out by itself. Kerosene- The Kerosene did not light so therefore there was no flame. Kerosene with string- The string slowly burnt away until it reached the crucible with the kerosene in which then ignited. It burnt with a tall, large yellow flame and left a lot of soot in the crucible when it had all burnt. Evaluation The experiments purpose was to investigate why certain liquids burn at different temperatures. By burning the petrol it showed us that it had, a low flash point so would ignite and burn easily. The kerosene by it selves did not burn meaning it have a high flash point, meaning it needs high temperatures to ignite and burn. Both the petrol and kerosene produced soot showing full combustion. Conclusion In conclusion, the petrol was the easiest ignite and could start a fire very easily while the kerosene did not light with just a lighted splint. It has a high flash temperature that why it is used as aeroplane fuel. Investigation of flames Introduction In this experiment we will be investigating how long it takes for a piece of paper to burn when lit from the top corner and the bottom corner. Risk Assessment Due to the fact that we are dealing with fire, long hair must be tried back goggles warn and lab coats on. There was also a risk of that somebody could burn themselves or set alight an object. Materials 2 sheets of A4 paper Heat proof mat Stands and Clamps Bunson Burner Splint Timer 2 sheets of A4 paper Method First we attached the clamps to the stands, and then attached a piece of A4 paper. We then lit the top of the short edge in the middle. It was then timed how long the piece of paper took to burn away completely and the time recorded. The experiment was then repeated with another piece of paper but lit at the bottom edge. Again it was timed until the paper was completely burned away and the time recorded. The Results `1st Paper: It started to burn instantly and spread downwards. The paper then dropped out of the clamps and fell to the table but it was not all burnt. After a while it all burnt out at 2 minutes and 11 seconds. 2nd Paper:. : It started to burn instantly and spread downwards. The paper then dropped out of the clamps and fell to the table but it was not all burnt. After a while it all burnt out at 23. 43 seconds.

Mislead the officer Essay Example for Free

Mislead the officer Essay He says this in a calm voice so not to annoy the officers. The officers dont await an invitation in to the house and with their authority they just step inside and Eddie says; Whats all this? He says this with an astonished look upon his face, making the arrival of the officers appear to be a complete surprise to him. But unlike the characters in the play, the audience has full knowledge of his deceitful phone call to the Bureau, so it is ironic when he appears to know nothing. The first officer in a demanding voice says; Where are they? He says this expecting a straight answer and no messing about. Eddie will now put on a puzzled expression and frown as he says; Wheres who? He makes out to be confused and pretends to know nothing about their presence as an attempt to mislead the officer. The officer doesnt accept his over up and tries to reason with him. This shows the audience that the officer is in control of the situation and is used to people making attempts to cover up and trick him. The officer now says; Come on, come on, where are they? This is said in a calm reasoning voice to try and just get an easy answer so they can capture the immigrants hassle-free. Again Eddie with a confused look says; Who? We got nobody here. He says this with a clueless expression and an astonished voice to try and convince the officer that there has been a mistake. In this first section Eddies attitude was ironic as he made out to be bewildered and surprised by their visit, but he was the one that contacted them about the immigrants in the first place. In the second section, we get to see Beatrices reaction to his deviousness, as she immediately knows that it was Eddies doing when the officers turn up. Eddie glances at Beatrice and she quickly turns her head away to make out she is tempered towards Eddie and he confronts her straight away; Whats the matter with you? He says this with a raised tone of voice to sound annoyed as shes accused him for the officers. Even though she only gave him one glance and angrily turned her head away, I want the audience to sense her suspicion and accusation, of him calling the Bureau. The officers continue to search the building and one approaches Eddie and asks if he has the correct room number, Eddie replies with; Thats right. I want him to say this in a shaky voice so the audience can sense that he is beginning to crumble and he is fearful of the consequences of his actions. He then stares at Beatrice and I want the expression on his face to say everything. He will put on an expression, which will suggest that hes just been hit by reality, and realises the terrible situation he has got everyone in to. Eddies fearful look at Beatrice will give her conformation of his deceitfulness. But there is still the question of why he is worried? Is it to maintain his reputation in the street or the fact that he has landed Marco and Rodolpho in trouble? Maybe Both? The fact that he carries on to deny that it was him that made the phone call suggests that its to maintain his reputation. When Beatrice accuses him I want him to get frustrated to cover up for his actions. After Eddies fearful glance at Beatrice, she too is struck with fear and this is made clear by the stage directions: [weakened with fear]: She goes on to say; Oh Jesus, Eddie. She says this in total disbelief and she puts her hands on her face. This will tell the audience that she cannot bear to know what her own husband has done. Eddie continues to protest his innocence and Beatrices final action is to turn towards him, instead of running. This shows the audience that even in crisis she will not desert her husband. Her final words to him are; My God, what did you do? I want her to say this with lots of fear and anger at Eddies actions. However the fact that she didnt run from him doesnt take anything away from the shock and horror she is experiencing at the realization of what he has done. In the third section, Catherine and Beatrice make a last effort to save Marco and Rodolpho and fight with the officers. However, the officers are immune to the pleas of Catherine and Beatrice for mercy and do not express an opinion or concern. I want Catherine to seem desperate and more aggressive when attempting to persuade the officers and I want her to be more frustrated and argumentative. The first stage direction says: Catherine [backing down the stairs fighting with the first officer]. The audience can immediately tell that she is taking a more aggressive approach. She then shouts; What do yiz want from them? I want her words to have aggression in so they know that she isnt going to back down. She then says; They aint no submarines, he was born in Philadelphia. I want the audience to see her determination to save Rodolpho and her sheer frustration at what is happening. On the other hand, I want Beatrice to be seen by the audience to be taking a calmer and more diplomatic approach. She tries to reason with the officer; Ah, Mister, what do you want from them, who do they hurt? I want Beatrice to say this in a calm, less-threatening voice, so not aggravate them. The officer takes little notice of Catherine or Beatrice and merely just says to Catherine; Step aside, lady. I want him to say this in a calm, but firm voice to show the audience that he doesnt want any trouble and remains in control of the situation. I want Catherine to now appear upset and infuriated. I will do this by using her body language and tone of voice. I want her to speak in a quite angry and distressed voice; You cant just come in the house and- I want her body to be blocking the officers from getting past. I also want her to really speak face to face with the officers, to look like she is trying to intimidate them. She becomes increasingly upset as her campaign doesnt seem to be working and she screams; No, you cant! Now, get outa here! I want this shout of hers to turn in to an upset scream as she realises that she cant save Rodolpho. The men proceed to take away the immigrants and Beatrice confronts them one more time. Instead of an aggressive approach like Catherine, I want the audience to see how Beatrice stays calm in the chaotic situation. Beatrice makes an emotional appeal about what drove the immigrants to leave their own country; what do you want from them? Theyre starvin over there, what do you want? I want her to say this in a persuasive voice to try and play on their consciences, but the officers just walk off. I want them to just ignore her to suggest to the audience that they are not affected by her emotional appeal and are immune to her pleading. From this section, the audience gets to see the aggressive and frustrated Catherine character that I wanted them to see and the calm Beatrice. The audience also gets to see the very calm and dominant officers who always stay in control of the dramatic situation and do not show concern or opinion to the pleas and appeals of Catherine and Beatrice. In this next section Marco performs the malicious act of spitting in Eddies face, which results in Eddie becoming extremely furious and mad at him. This is where I get to reveal the ruthless and unpleasant side of Eddie, which I want the audience to see. It starts when Marco breaks from the group while being escorted out by the officers and spits in Eddies face. This is a powerful dramatic moment in the play and is conveyed by actions, rather than words. I want the act of spitting in his face to not only show Marcos contempt for Eddie, but also contempt for Eddies breaking of the social code. By informing the immigration bureau a social taboo has been broken and the act of spitting in his face tells the audience Marcos identification of the culprit.

Cell Membrane Structure Phospholipid Bilayer

Cell Membrane Structure Phospholipid Bilayer A cell is the basic unit of life, and the cell membrane is an important structure present in all cells, irrespective of whether they are plant cells or animal cells. This structure is a vital component of any cell and it has a variety of important functions. Cell membrane functions include maintaining the boundaries of the cells, thus supporting the contents of the cell, maintaining proper cell to cell contact, regulating the entry and exit of molecules in and out of the cell, etc. Thus, to understand how the cell membrane manages to carry out this procedure, one needs to understand the cell membrane structure. Given below are the various components that comprise the structure of the cell membrane according to the Fluid Mosaic model. The first layer of cell membrane consists of a phosphid bilayer. The phosphate molecules are arranged in such a way that the hydrophilic heads are on the outside, while the hydrophobic fatty acid tails are on the inside, facing each other. The tails of the molecule are said to be hydrophobic and that is why they points inwardly towards each other. This specific arrangement of the lipid bilayer is for the purpose of preventing the entry of polar solutes, like amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, etc. Thus, the phosphate lipid bilayer is one of the main factors responsible for regulating the entry and exit of molecules in and out of the cell. Integral Membrane Proteins Integral membrane proteins are those proteins that are a part of the cell membrane structure. They are present between consecutive molecules of phopholipids. These fibrous proteins present may span the entire length of the cell membrane. These molecules have important functions, as they serve as receptors for the cell. Some of the proteins of the cell membrane may also enter the cell. Sometimes, a part of the protein molecule is inside and some of it is outside. These kind of protein molecules act as carriers for active transport of substances in and out of the cell. Some of these protein molecules form pores and thus, allow fatty acids and other lipid insoluble in water molecules to pass through. Furthermore, other integral proteins serve as channel proteins as well to aid in selective transport of ions in and out of the cell. Such molecules are visible with the help of an electron microscopy. Other Elements Certain other elements may also be present along the length of the cell membrane, depending on the location and needs of the cell. These structures include globular proteins, which are peripherally placed and are only at times associated with the cell. These protein molecules may even be enzymes or glycoproteins. In such cases, either the cell will have special functions, or the location of the cell may require it to perform certain specific functions. When speaking of plant cell vs animal cell, there is one important structure that is additionally present most of the time in animal cells. These molecules are cholesterol molecules, which aid the phospholipids in making the membrane impermeable to water soluble substances. These cholesterol molecules also stabilize the membrane and provide the cell with a cushion effect, which prevents it from suffering any major injuries due to trauma and impact forces. Cell Membrane Function Cell membrane is the outer covering of a cell, which keep the ingredients of a cell intact. Apart from that, there are various other functions, that are carried out by this structure. Read on It is a common fact that cells are the fundamental building blocks of life. These structures form the basic structural and functional unit of any living thing. While some organisms, like, bacteria are single-celled, most other living things are multicellular. In case of multicellular organisms like humans (an adult human has around 100 trillion cells in the body), there are various types of cells, which are assigned different functions. Each cell is made of intricate structures, which forms an interconnected network, which strives to carry out the function of that cell. As the nature of the function of the cells differ, the functions of various parts of the cells too differ. Let us take a look at the various parts of a cell, especially, the cell membrane and cell membrane function. Cell Membrane and Other Parts of a Cell Basically there are two types of cells eukaryotic and prokaryotic. While plants, animals, fungi, protozoans, etc. possess eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells are found in bacteria only. The difference between the two types of cells lie in the fact that prokaryotic cells do not have nucleus (and/or some other organelles) and are comparatively smaller, as compared to eukaryotic ones. As far as eukaryotic cells are concerned, the basic structure includes parts like DNA, ribosomes, vesicle, endoplasmic reticulum (both rough and smooth), Golgi apparatus, cytoskeleton, mitochondria, vacuole, centrioles, lysosome, cytoplasm, plasma membrane and cell wall. While plant cells have a large vacuole and a definite cell wall, animal cells lack cell wall but some may have very small vacuoles. Animal cells do not have chloroplasts too. This article is about cell membrane, which is also known as plasma membrane or plasmalemma. Scroll down for information about cell membrane function. Read more on: Similarities Between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells Plant Cell vs Animal Cell Plant Cell Organelles What is a Cell Membrane? Cell membrane or plasma membrane is one of the vital parts of a cell that encloses and protects the constituents of a cell. It separates the interior of a cell from outside environment. It is like a covering that encloses the different organelles of the cell and the fluid that harbors these organelles. To be precise, cell membrane physically separates the contents of the cell from the outside environment, but, in plants, fungi and some bacteria, there is a cell wall that surrounds the cell membrane. However, the cell wall acts as a solid mechanical support only. The actual function of cell membrane is the same in both cases and it is not much altered by the mere presence of a cell wall. The cell membrane is made of two layers of phospholipids and each phospholipid molecule has a head and a tail region. The head region is called hydrophilic (attraction towards water molecules) and the tail ends are known as hydrophobic (repels water molecules). Both layers of phospholipids are arrange d so that the head regions form the outer and inner surface of the cell membrane and the tail ends come close in the center of the cell membrane. Other than phospholipids, cell membrane contains lots of protein molecules, which are embedded in the phospholipid layer. All these constituents of the cell membrane work jointly to carry out its function. The following paragraph deals with cell membrane function. Read more on cell nucleus: structure and functions and cytoplasm function in a cell. What is the Function of the Cell Membrane? As mentioned above, one of the basic functions of a cell membrane is to act like a protective outer covering for the cell. Apart from this, there are many other important cell membrane functions, that are vital for the functioning of the cell. The following are some of the cell membrane functions. Cell membrane anchors the cytoskeleton (a cellular skeleton made of protein and contained in the cytoplasm) and gives shape to the cell. Cell membrane is responsible for attaching the cell to the extracellular matrix (non living material that is found outside the cells), so that the cells group together to form tissues. Another important cell membrane function is the transportation of materials needed for the functioning of the cell organelles. Cell membrane is semi permeable and controls the in and out movements of substances. Such movement of substances may be either at the expense of cellular energy or passive, without using cellular energy. The protein molecules in the cell membrane receive signals from other cells or the outside environment and convert the signals to messages, that are passed to the organelles inside the cell. In some cells, the protein molecules in the cell membrane group together to form enzymes, which carry out metabolic reactions near the inner surface of the cell membrane. Read more on how do enzymes work. The proteins in the cell membrane also help very small molecules to get themselves transported through the cell membrane, provided, the molecules are traveling from a region with lots of molecules to a region with less number of molecules. Biological Membranes and the Cell Surface http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/f06pm/plasmamemb.jpg Membrane Functions Form specialized compartments by selective permeability Unique environment Creation of concentration gradients pH and charge (electrical, ionic) differences Asymmetric protein distribution Cell-Cell recognition Site for receptor molecule biding for cell signaling Receptor binds ligand (such as a hormone) Induces intracellular reactions Controls and regulates reaction sequences Product of one enzyme is the substrate for the next enzyme Can line up the enzymes in the proper sequence Membrane Structure According to the Fluid Mosaic Model of Singer and Nicolson http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/f06pm/fmm.jpg The membrane is a fluid mosaic of phospholipids and proteins Two main categories of membrane proteins integral and peripheral Peripheral proteins bound to the surface of the membrane Integral proteins permeate the surface of the membrane Membrane regions differ in protein configuration and concentration Outside vs. inside different peripheral proteins Proteins only exposed to one surface Proteins extend completely through exposed to both surfaces Membrane lipid layer fluid Proteins move laterally along membrane Membrane Lipids Phospholipids most abundant Phosphate may have additional polar groups such as choline, ethanolamine, serine, inositol These increase hydrophilicity Cholesterol a steroid Can comprise up to 50% of animal plasma membrane Hydrophilic OH groups toward surface Smaller than a phospholipid and less amphipathic (having both polar and non-polar regions of the molecule) Other molecules include ceramides and sphingolipds amino alcohols with fatty acid chains These lipids distributed asymmetrically Bilayer Formation Membrane components are Amphipathic (having both polar and non-polar regions of the molecule) Spontaneously form bilayers Hydrophilic portions face water sides Hydrophobic core Never have a free end due to cohesion Spontaneously reseal Fuse Liposome Circular bilayer surrounding water compartment Can form naturally or artificially Can be used to deliver drugs and DNA to cells Membrane Fluidity Membrane is Fluid Lipids have rapid lateral movement Lipids flip-flop extremely slowly Lipids asymmetrically distributed in membrane Different lipids in each side of bilayer Fluidity depends on lipid composition Saturated fatty acids All C-C bonds are single bonds Straight chain allows maximum interaction of fatty acid tails Make membrane less fliuid Solid at room temperature Bad Fats that clog arteries (animal fats) Unsaturated fatty acids Some C=C bond (double bonds) Bent chain keeping tails apart Make membrane more fluid Polyunsaturated fats have multiple double bonds and bends Liquid at room temperature Good Fats which do not clog arteries (vegetable fats) Cholesterol Reduces membrane fluidity by reducing phospholipid movement Hinders solidification at low (room) temperatures How Cells Regulate Membrane Fluidity Desaturate fatty acids Produce more unsaturated fatty acids Change tail length (the longer the tail, the less fluid the membrane) Membrane Carbohydrates Glycolipids and Glycoproteins Face away from cytoplasm (on outside of cell) Attached to protein or lipid Blood antigens Determine blood type bound to lipids (glycolipids) Glycoproteins Protein Receptors Provide specificity for cell-cell or cell-protein interactions (see below) Membrane Proteins Peripheral Proteins completely on membrane surface ionic and H-bond interactions with hydrophilic lipid and protein groups can be removed with high salt or alkaline Integral Proteins Possess hydrophobic domains which are anchored to hydrophobic lipids alpha helix more complex structure An Example Asymetry of Intestinal Epithelial Cell Membranes Apical surface selectively absorbs materials Contains specific transport proteins Lateral surface interacts with neighboring cells Contains junction proteins to allow cellular communication Basal surface sticks to extracellular matrix and exchanges with blood Contains proteins for anchoring The Extracellular Matrix (ECM) and Plant Cell Walls In animal cells, the ECM is a mish-mash of proteins (usually collagen) and gel-forming polysaccharides The ECM is connected to the cytoskeletin via Integrins and Fibronectins Plant Primary Cell Walls for a rigid cross-linked network of cellulose fibers and pectin a fiber composite Fiber composites resist tension and compression Plant Secondary Cell Walls are further strengthened w/ Lignin Secondary Cell Walls is basically what comprises wood Cell to Cell Attachments Tight Junctions and Desmosomes Tight Junctions are specialized proteins in the plasma membranes of adjacent animal cells they stitch together adjacent cells form a watertight cell Desmosomes are specialized connection protein complexes in animal cells they rivet cells together they are attached to the intermediate fibers of adjacent cells Cell Gaps Plasmodesmata Gap Junctions In plant cells, Plasmodesmata are gaps in the cell wall create direct connections between adjacent cells May contain proteins which regulate cell to cell exchange form a continuous cytoplasmic connection between cells called the symplast In animal cells, Gap Junctions are holes lined with specialized proteins allow cell-cell communication (this is what coordinates your heartbeat) Cell Communication In multi-cellular organism, cells can communicate via chemical messenger Three Stages of Cellular Communication Reception A chemical message (ligand) binds to a protein on the cell surfaceÂÂ   Transduction The binding of the signal molecule alters the receptor protein in some way. The signal usually starts a cascade of reactions known as a signal transduction pathway Response The transduction pathway finally triggers a response The responses can vary from turning on a gene, activating an enzyme, rearranging the cytoskeleton There is usually an amplification of the signal (one hormone can elicit the response of over 108 molecules No matter where they are located, signal receptors have several general characteristics signal receptors are specific to cell types (i.e. you wont find insulin receptors on bone cells) receptors are dynamic the number of receptors on a cell surface is variable the ability of a molecule to bind to the receptor is not fixed (i.e. it may decline w/ intense stimulation) receptors can be blocked Two Methods of Cell-Cell Communication Steroid Hormones can enter directly into a cell bind to receptors in the cytosol hormone-receptor complex binds to DNA, inducing change testosterone, estrogen, progesterone are examples of steroid hormones Signal Transduction conversion of signals from one form to another Very complicated pathways all are different! G Protein receptors G-proteins are called as such because they have GTP bound to them Receptors have inactive G-proteins associated with them When the signal binds to the receptor, the G-protein changes shape and becomes active (into the on configuration) The active G-protein binds to an enzyme which produces a secondary message Frequently, second messengers activate other messengers, creating a cascade G-protein signal transduction sequences are extremely common in animal systems embryonic development human vision and smell over 60% of all medications used today exert their effects by influencing G-protein pathways Tyrosine-Kinase Receptors Another Example of a Signal Transduction Pathway Tyrosine-Kinase Receptors often have a structure similar to the diagram below: http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/f06pm/tyro-kin02.jpg Part of the receptor on the cytoplasmic side serves as an enzyme which catalyzes the transfer of phosphate groups from ATP to the amino acid Tyrosine on a substrate protein The activation of a Tyrosine-Kinase Receptor occurs as follows: Two signal molecule binds to two nearby Tyrosine-Kinase Receptors, causing them to aggregate, forming a dimer The formation of a dimer activated the Tyrosine-Kinase portion of each polypeptide The activated Tyrosine-Kinases phosphorylate the Tyrosine residues on the protein The activated receptor protein is now recognized by specific relay proteins They bind to the phosphorylated tyrosines, which cause, you guessed it, a conformation change. The activated relay protein can then trigger a cellular response One activated Tyrosine-Kinase dimer can activate over ten different relay proteins, each which triggers a different response The ability of one ligand binding event to elicit so many response pathways is a key difference between these receptors and G-protein-linked receptors (that, and the absence of G- proteins of course) Abnormal Tyrosine-Kinases that aggregate without the binding of a ligand have been linked with some forms of cancer Signal Transduction Shutdown Most signal-transduction/hormone systems are designed to shut down rapidly Enzymes called phosphatases remove the phosphate groups from secondary messengers in the cascade This will shut down the signal transduction pathway at least until another signal is received

Twelfth Night :: essays research papers

Twelfth Night â€Å"Twelfth Night is a comedy of light and shade. Its characters are not unreservedly happy and the events are not unreservedly humorous.† Discuss. As a comedy, Twelfth Night is obviously intending to not only entertain its audience but also point out problems in society. It is imperative to entire merit of the play not to be realistic but to allow for empathy. Therefor to have a comedy of complete lightheartedness there would be no balance and hence no avenue for audience interaction. Without light we would have no darkness and for this reason Shakespeare has had to incorporate tragedy in order for the comedy to have it’s desired effect. The two in juxtaposition accentuate each other. The characters of Twelfth Night are neither bluntly humorous nor artlessly tragic. Twelfth Night like all Shakespearean comedies is largely about social concerns. The social messages in Twelfth Night are largely about, the need for a balance in life, that you should not judge on appearance as they can be deceptive and the importance of self awareness or the humor in lack of. Neither is artlessly or bluntly humorous, as this would detract from the greater issues he in attempting to convey. Humor instead is used in contrast to some pain to antithesis the comedy and accentuate the themes. The plot of Twelfth Night is comic it explores many social issues in it’s comedy yet is also not unrestrained in it’s humor. As a comedy Twelfth Night follows, many conventions as far as structure, the setting is in a far away â€Å"romantic† land, situation, and events somewhat steer the plot however this is certainly not without art or subtleties. Shakespeare has carefully intertwined comedy and pain in both the main and the sub plots to highlight the comedy and explore the social themes. The audience is forced to suspend disbelief that such a coincidence could occur. The audience is transported from their ordinary mundane existence and is transported into a world of chance, non-existent penalties for practical jokes and the unmistakable harmony of events. It is this incongruity compared to everyday life that is humorous. However, this summer, frivolris setting is not completely free from conflict. There is however, some predominately â€Å"lighter† characters that serve as comic relief from the more serious main plot and represent a certain â€Å"type† of people in society. Sir Toby and Sir Andrew would have been marvelously enjoyed by Shakespearean audiences as they are today. Not a scene goes by involving these to where we can laugh and the slow wit of Sir Andrew and the awkward puns of Sir Toby.

Circumcision To Be Or Not To Be :: essays research papers

To be or not To Be? â€Å"Push! Push, I can see it crowning. Don’t stop keep pushing.† The doctor says in a deep but calming voice. â€Å"I can see it, I can see it! Here it comes!† says John with tears of excitement in his eyes, as he looks at his beautiful wife Nechelle, who is about to give birth to their first child, will it be a boy or a girl he wonders. â€Å"I see its head, one more push here it comes Oh my god it’s here, it’s a boy Yes it’s a boy! We will name him John Jr.† John shows all the signs of a man who is completely excited about having a newborn son, but the truth is that in the back of his mind there is question, a dark scary question, that John still has no answer to. â€Å" Should his son be circumcised?† To be or not to be that is really and truly the question. Before John can make a wise, educated decision he must first understand what circumcision is, why it is done, how it is done, how it affects the natural functions of the penis, and what the alternatives are. â€Å"Circumcision is a surgical procedure in which the skin covering the end of the penis (called the foreskin) is removed exposing the glans (head or tip of the penis)†(Love) The procedure is usually done on infants in the first few days of their life. A doctor does the procedure. Circumcision is an ancient and widespread practice. Some cultures as wide spread as the aborigines of Australia, to the Kazakh of Russia circumcises their male children. â€Å"An Egyptian inscription from around 4000 BC refers to the procedure. Male mummies have been found to be circumcised.† (Encyclopedia of Human Sexuality 118) According to the Old Testament god commanded Abraham to circumcise all males of his household. The religious, spiritual and emotional reasons for circumcision differ greatly from a pact with god, to showing your faithfulness to a tribe by having your son publicly undergo the procedure. But are there any medical justifications for circumcision? According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) in 1971 †There are no valid medical indications for circumcision in the neonatal period.† Recently however the AAP reconsidered its position. In 1989 it concluded that circumcised male infants have â€Å" potential medical benefits and advantages, after all uncircumcised males have eleven times more urinary tract infections.

Walden Two Essay -- essays research papers

Book Title: Walden Two Author: B.F. Skinner Pages: 301 I. SETTING: A. Time: mid 1940’s (after the end of WWII) B. Place: Walden Two, R.D. I, Canton C. Detailed description of the opening scene: Rogers and Steve just returning from war, and looking for a new beginning read an article on a man named Frazier who was planning to begin an experimental utopian society. They immediately become intrigued by the idea. Their interest brought them to the office of Professor Burris, one their former teachers to ask if he knew anything about Frazier, or about the new society Frazier is trying to build. Burris remembers Frazier as a classmate at his graduate school; he recalls his extremist ideas and his dislike for the institution. He also recalls discussions the two had shared about this "Utopian society." Reluctantly Burris agrees to contact Frazier, and sends him a letter. Immediately and enthusiastically he replies inviting Burris’ and his friends to visit the new community he has developed. Burris meets with the two men to inform them of the invitation, and agrees to take time off, to accomp any Rogers and Steve on a visit to "Walden Two," Frazier’s community. Rodger’s girlfriend Barbara, Steve’s girlfriend Mary, and Burris's colleague Castle also accompany them on the visit. II. THEME: a one-sentence statement of the theme of your novel Walden Two was Skinner’s attempt to portray what would occur if behaviorism were used to curve our society, he depicted a solution to the problems of modern life that involved a new beginning, an flee from our current society, and a dismissal of our political and econo... ...cters visiting the Utopian society of Walden Two engage in an abundance of dialogue, in order to discover the spirit and the principles behind this new community of Walden Two. Set speeches by main characters illustrate the points that Skinner wishes to make to the reader. Don't get me wrong, the ideas are challenging and the reading is not painful; there is even some dramatic tension. The thought of a society like Walden Two is intriguing, and the detail used by Skinner gives the reader a clear picture of what this society may look like, and how it operates. Overall the book was good, it was an enjoyable read, and wasn’t like other novels, it was individual. I would recommend this book to anyone who is open- minded, and is intrigued by the operations and possibility of alternate societies. Walden Two Essay -- essays research papers Book Title: Walden Two Author: B.F. Skinner Pages: 301 I. SETTING: A. Time: mid 1940’s (after the end of WWII) B. Place: Walden Two, R.D. I, Canton C. Detailed description of the opening scene: Rogers and Steve just returning from war, and looking for a new beginning read an article on a man named Frazier who was planning to begin an experimental utopian society. They immediately become intrigued by the idea. Their interest brought them to the office of Professor Burris, one their former teachers to ask if he knew anything about Frazier, or about the new society Frazier is trying to build. Burris remembers Frazier as a classmate at his graduate school; he recalls his extremist ideas and his dislike for the institution. He also recalls discussions the two had shared about this "Utopian society." Reluctantly Burris agrees to contact Frazier, and sends him a letter. Immediately and enthusiastically he replies inviting Burris’ and his friends to visit the new community he has developed. Burris meets with the two men to inform them of the invitation, and agrees to take time off, to accomp any Rogers and Steve on a visit to "Walden Two," Frazier’s community. Rodger’s girlfriend Barbara, Steve’s girlfriend Mary, and Burris's colleague Castle also accompany them on the visit. II. THEME: a one-sentence statement of the theme of your novel Walden Two was Skinner’s attempt to portray what would occur if behaviorism were used to curve our society, he depicted a solution to the problems of modern life that involved a new beginning, an flee from our current society, and a dismissal of our political and econo... ...cters visiting the Utopian society of Walden Two engage in an abundance of dialogue, in order to discover the spirit and the principles behind this new community of Walden Two. Set speeches by main characters illustrate the points that Skinner wishes to make to the reader. Don't get me wrong, the ideas are challenging and the reading is not painful; there is even some dramatic tension. The thought of a society like Walden Two is intriguing, and the detail used by Skinner gives the reader a clear picture of what this society may look like, and how it operates. Overall the book was good, it was an enjoyable read, and wasn’t like other novels, it was individual. I would recommend this book to anyone who is open- minded, and is intrigued by the operations and possibility of alternate societies.

A Persistant Lichen Sclerosus Case Health And Social Care Essay

Lichen sclerosus is a lymphocyte-mediated chronic inflammatory dermatitis that most normally involves the anogenital country. Treatment options include topical corticoids, tacrolismus, C dioxide optical maser extirpation and eventually vulvectomy as surgical attack. The aim of this survey is to describe a stubborn anogenital LS topic and depict the usage of V-Y promotion flap for the Reconstruction of the perineal defect after vulvectomy. Case: A relentless LS instance who was treated succesfully with surgery is reported and literature is reviewed. The patient had good tolerated the surgical process with satisfactory decorative consequences.Decision:A multidisciplinary squad work would be ideal in the direction of relentless LS instances. Surgical intervention of LS should be reserved as a last resort for patients who were furnace lining to other medical options and in the instance of a surgical effort recontruction of the vulva should be good known. Cardinal words: Lichen sclerosus, Vulvectomy, Vulvar Reconstruction..Introduction:Lichen sclerosus ( LS ) is a benign, chronic tegument disease that most normally occures in the anogenital epithelial tissue ( 1 ) . It affects both gender and kids particularly adult females in postmenopausal ages. Although the exact aetiology is still unknown, there is a strong association between LS and autoimmune upsets such as ; alopecia areata, vitiligo, thyroid upsets and diabetes mellitus ( 2 ) . Besides the autoimmune diseases in association with HLA category II antigens, hormonal factors, infective causes, and familial influence have besides been associated with LS ( 1 ) . Authoritative LS is characterized by pronounced redness, epithelial cutting and typical cuticular alterations with an visual aspect of all right â€Å" coffin nail paper † -like pursing accompanied by symptoms of pruritus, dyspareunia and dysuria ( 3,4 ) . A considerable figure of patients ( 33 % ) are symptomless but have the clinical marks of LS on physical scrutiny. The diagnosing of LS is based upon the presence of characteristic clinical manifestations, ideally with histological verification obtained from a vulvar clout biopsy. A hold in the diagnosing may originate, due to the patients ‘ embarrassment and/or reluctance of the doctor to to the full measure the symptoms every bit good as strangeness with the disease ( 5 ) . The optimum direction of LS could be achieved with a multidisciplinary attack. Surgical intervention is preferred in the instance of a post-inflammatory sequelae, phimosis or in a malignant province. Although the presence of vulval cicatrixs or the features of the defect will restrict our surgical preferance there are many surgical options proposed for the perineal Reconstruction, including local musculus and fasciocutaneous tegument flaps ( 6,7,8 ) . We are depicting a persistant lichen induration instance who was treated surgically and recontructed with V-Y promotion vulvar flaps.Case study:A 49 twelvemonth old Caucasian adult female married for 30 old ages G3, P2, A1 enduring from vulvadynia because of relentless vulvar LS for 16 old ages, admitted to our clinic. She has been having medicine with carbamezepine for ungratified leg syndrome for six old ages. She had two cesarean subdivisions and three lumbar phonograph record hernia operations in which an internal fixator was placed to the lumbar vertebras. She used to hold local cortisol, estrogen and testosterone therapies since she received her initial diagnosing. She has had vulvar alcohol injection one time and vulvar betametasone, lidocain injections and phototherapy several times. Her history revealed a vulval denervation operation to the pudental nervus with the diagnosing of vulvadynia. Furthermore she had three times simple vulvectomy and vulval Reconstruction operations. These intervention modes failed to relieve her symptoms, and sclerosing alterations of vulvar country which extends to posterior, affecting the perineum and anus. The singular findings in her pelvic scrutiny were the hyperkerotic lichen plaques spread to anus, vaginal orifis and periclitoral country ( Figure 1a ) . We observed the vaginal orifis as narrow shaped and labia majora – minora were absent. Hyperkeratotic scars were noticable on her mons pubis due to her old surgical operations and lichen plaques. In her speculum scrutiny, vagina and neck were normal in form and uterus – bilateral ovaries were normal by transvaginal ultrasound and no malignant cells were reported in her pablum smear trial. Histopathological diagnosing of the topic was confirmed with two antecedently performed consecutive vulvar biopsies that revealed characteristic cuticular wasting and cuticular hyalinisation ( homogenisation of the collagen in the upper corium ) . Our patient had relentless and worsening symptoms and we decided to execute simple vulvectomy and V-Y promotion flap for the Reconstruction of vulvar defect ( Figure 1a ) and obtained informed consent consequently. Briefly ; urinary catheterisation was needed to forestall urethral hurt and to supply plenty wound hygiene after surgery. After vulvectomy ( Figure 1b ) , we performed V form scratchs bilaterally widening to median part of the thigh without any complication ( Figure 1c ) . The scratchs were profoundly performed until the superficial genital facia to travel the flaps freely and punctilious haemostasis was done. The mobility of the cutaneal flaps are tested. Following the release of the flap, this extra block of hypodermic tissue is folded into the defect. The sidelong transverse defect which was formed when the island flap moved medially is closed horizontally, therefore giving the concluding cicatrix a horizontal â€Å" Y † form. We aproximated the hypodermic tissue with 2/0 polyglactin 910 [ Ethicon, Edinburgh, UK ] . The tegument was closed by interrupted 3/0 polyglactin 910 [ Ethicon, Edinburgh, UK ] suturas ( Figure 1d ) . We repaired the round defect above the vaginal orifis with free rotary motion flap. No drains were placed. Postoperative closing of vulvar defect was seen perfect in form. She was hospitalized for the undermentioned two yearss ( Figure 2a ) and uretral catheterisation was removed on her 2nd twenty-four hours. All the critical marks of the patient were usual without any wound infection or haematoma in the closing. In the early postoperative period, the healing of vulva was uneventful and completed after three hebdomads ( Figure 2b ) .Discussion:A assortment of names and descriptions have been used for the disease that is presently named lichen sclerosus. In 1887, Hallopeau was the first to depict the histological characteristics of the disease ( 9 ) . LS occurs at all ages but non in newborns and is rare in the first twel vemonth of life. The disease has a bimodal extremum incidence in prepubescent misss and menopausal adult females. In a survey the prevalence of lichen sclerosus in childhood was found to be 1:900. The bulk of patients consists of adult females aged between 50-70 old ages, while 5-15 % of the LS topics were kids. Lifelong surveillance of all adult females with LS is considered indispensable because of the hazard of malignant patterned advance, ( 10 ) . Although adult females with vulval LS are at increased hazard of developing invasive squamous cell malignant neoplastic disease ( SCC ) of the vulva ( 4 ) , the estimated hazard is to be less than 5 % ( 11 ) . No grounds exists that regular check-ups cut down the hazard of malignant patterned advance. Nevertheless, patients with vulval LS should be examined at least annually and localized, relentless, nonresolving lesions should be biopsied ( 4 ) . In contrast to vulvar LS extragenital LS lesions are non associated with an increased hazard of malignance ( 9,12 ) . There is non a universally recognized direction scheme for adult females with LS. It normally provides diagnostic alleviation, without needfully rectifying the implicit in upset. The intervention of LS consists of instruction and support, behavioural alteration to keep good perineal hygiene and turning away of any local thorns, medicine and surgery. Assorted conservative curative options such as, topical testosterone, topical Lipo-Lutin, topical corticoids, estrogens, retinoic acid, retinoids, vitamin A, chloroquine and a short class of systemic corticoids are wholly accepted as intervention options ( 13 ) . All published studies on the direction of LS indicate centrist to strong topical steroids as the intervention option of pick ( 12,14,15 ) . Mild to chair authority topical corticoids are besides normally used for intervention of grownup vulvar LS ( 3 ) . Recently, ace potent topical steroids were found to be an effectual intervention for this job with both short- ( 16 ) and long-run ( 17 ) efficaciousness. Topical steroid therapy is non without complications, including the possibility of wasting, contact sensitisation, tegument alterations, and secondary infection. Although there are no good studied therapies in adult females who failed to react to corticoids, Lipo-Lutin, testosterone, retinoids, topical immune system modulating agents ( tacrolismus, pimecrolimus ) and cyclosporine has been used in some randomised tests ( 4 ) . Small randomized tests showed that Lipo-Lutin and testosterone picks are less effectual than corticoids ( clobetasol ) with more side effects ( 18 ) . Treatment with an unwritten retinoid ( acitretin ) was found to be effectual in one randomised test ( 19 ) . Successful interventions with tacrolimus oinment was reported ( 20 ) but frequently discontinued due to Burnss on application sites. As presented in our instance furnace lining instances have been treated with intradermic intoxicant injections with variable consequences ( 21 ) . Another concern must be the physicological jobs that may look ( i.e. narcotic maltreatment ) in relentless LS topics due to chronic vulvar hurting. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists suggests one-year scrutinies for patients whose LS is good controlled and more frequent visits for those with ill controlled disease ( 15 ) . Surgery does non hold a cardinal function in the intervention scheme of LS and could be considered as a last resort to handle complications secondary to the LS ( 22,23 ) . Surgical intercession in LS should non be aimed at taking the disease but at deciding complications of the disease: to let go of a inhumed button, to divide fused labia, or to widen a narrowed introitus in instance of ailments about clitoric symptoms ( hurting or sexual clitoric disfunction ) ( 22 ) . Its usage is limited since scars and contractures may look after surgery. However, if surgery is the preferable intervention mode, it is of import to cognize how to retrace the vulva. Patients wish to go on their sexual life every bit shortly as possible. V-Y promotion flap is an effectual method for Reconstruction of the perineal part. This technique will supply better blood supply and nervus esthesis and will let the expanding of the vaginal orifis. The principle behind the surgical therapy is chiefly to handle those patients who did non or react ill to medical intervention and secondly to forestall the development of invasive carcinoma of the vulva ( 23 ) . Our patient had a long medical history about LS in which she had received several local therapies, phototherapy, surgical efforts and systemic medicines for 16 old ages. All intervention modes were discussed with the household and the concluding determination of the patient was surgery due to her exhaustion and better decorative outlook. Consequently, surgical intercession must be deferred until LS has been controlled with medicine or should be reserved for pull offing postinflammatory sequelae. If an excisional process ( i.e. vulvectomy ) is the preferable intervention mode, Reconstruction of the vulvar defect with V-Y promotion flap seems to be an applicable and extremely effectual surgical technique with its good decorative consequences and rapid healing after surgery.LegendsFigure 1: Pre and intraoperative images of vulvar lichen sclerosus patient. 1a ; hyperkerotic lichen plaques spread to anus, vaginal orifis and periclitoral country, 1b ; vulvectomy was performed, 1c ; V form scratchs bilaterally widening to median part of the thigh, 1d. closing of the tegument, giving the concluding cicatrix a horizontal â€Å" Y † form. Figure 2: Postoperative images of vulvar lichen sclerosus patient. 2a ; station operative 2nd twenty-four hours, 2b ; completed vulvar mending three hebdomads subsequently.

Balancing Federal Budget

Jared Owen | Revenues (in millions of dollars)| | Individual Income Taxes| Corporate Income Taxes| Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts| Excise Taxes| Other| Total| 2011 Federal Budget| 1,091,473| 181,085| 818,792| 72,381| 139,735| 2,303,466| Your Budget| $1,391,473| $187,946| $800,000| $65,256| $159,000| $2,603,675| Difference| +$300,000| +$6,861| -$18,792| -$7,125| +$19,265| +$303,166| | Expenditures (in millions of dollars)| 050 National Defense| Total-Spending categories 150-450| 500 Education| 550 Health| 570 Medicare| 600 Income Security| 650 Social Security| Total-Spending categories 700-950| Total| 2011 Federal Budget| 705,625| 257,662| 101,233| 372,500| 485,653| 597,352| 730,811| 352,225| 3,603,061| Your Budget| $505,644| $200,632| $110,000| $250,500| $479,222| $407,123| $450,351| 200,203| 2,603,675| Difference| -$199,981| -$57,030| +$8,767| -$122,000| -$6,431| -$190,229| -$280,460| -$152,022| -$999,386| I am going to raise the individual income tax which might anger peo ple; however I am lowering the excise taxes which is for gas, etc.I am also raising corporate income taxes because big franchise companies can afford to give up some of their income to be able to give more elsewhere. I thought lowering the social insurance and retirement receipts was a good idea because there are programs and benefits that are already implemented into this and the extra money will be put in areas that do not have extra help and rely just on the money inflow. I increased the other category because since it incorporates multiple programs, the big increase will be spread across a lot of different programs therefore, to each individual program it will not be a big increase.I lowered the National Defense spending because since we won the war overseas, we are bringing more and more troops home and even though it is not a â€Å"total peace time,† we do not have to spend as much as the year before. I actually increased what is spend on education because that is very important to our country and the more educated people there are, the more jobs people will be able to get which in turn means they make more money then they would without education. This means that more money will increase the GDP and make the economy grow.Unfortunately, I had to cut some spending in the health and medicare areas but there are programs and benefits that help these areas so it is not as much as a loss and the plain numbers show. I decreased the social security because this government spending does not count towards the GDP which means it does nothing for the economy. These people can afford to take a minor pay cut in order for that money to be used in other areas that will help the economy grow. I decreased the income security because of the different acts such as The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 which protect these people in said programs.The decrease in both total spending categories are appropriate, again, because they include multiple areas tha t already have benefits implemented in them. This means that a small decrease in many areas will give a bigger sum of money to be spent in other areas. In conclusion, the areas that need to be changed are the ones that will make the population spend more in our country to increase our GDP and in turn get our economy back on track. By doing this, we are getting our economy under control which will lead to it becoming easier to balance the federal budget.

Implement Person Centred Approaches In Health And Social Care Essay

1.1 Define Person – centred values? Person centred values means the people whom we support are able to be involved and included in every aspect of their care and support. For example: * Their needs, Assessments, Care delivery, and Support planning. So basically person centred approaches, policies and procedures and care practices should put the residents at the centre of the day-to-day activities. It should also include the residents and their families in the planning and maintaining of this. 1.2 Explain why it is important to work in a way that embeds person centred values? It is important to do this as person centred approaches, policies and procedures, as well as care practices should always put the people whom we support at the centre of the day-to-day activities, as well as including the residents and their families in the planning and maintaining of this. see more:explain why it is important to work in a way that embeds person centred values All person centred approaches for every person we support as care professionals, should have eight values, and these are: 1. INDIVIDUALITY – realising and understanding the uniqueness of every person I support. 2. RIGHTS – always endeavouring to make sure all the rights of those I support are upheld e.g. Human Rights Act. 3. CHOICE – endeavouring to maintain the service user’s rights to choice. As well as maintaining their choices and making sure these choices are upheld in their care plans. 4. PRIVACY – maintaining the service user’s rights to privacy. I would do this by making sure they are not intruded upon by other service users, staff, relatives and friends. 5. INDEPENDENCE – always making sure that as a care professional I empower the service users to achieve their maximum. 1.3 Explain why risk – taking can be part of a person centred approach? Taking risks means that you are able to choose and be in control of what you do . You need to ensure that concerns about taking risks is not stopping you living the way you want to. A risk assessment can always be carried out to see if it is possible for someone to do something that they  thought would not be possible. 1.4 Explain how using an Individual’s care plan contributes to working in a person centred way? Using an individual’s care plan will ensure that the person’s own needs and wishes are being met, rather than offering them a ‘choice’ of what is available. Using their care plan, you can build on what they want and see where there are gaps that need to be addressed. Outcome 3 Be able to work in a person – centred way? 3.1 Explain the importance of establishing consent when providing care or support? It is important to establish consent because it is a basic human right for everyone to have the choice. Much of the treatment or support the individual receives is either invasive or personal, so consent is essential as it protects providers against legal challenge. Asking for consent is also part of the codes of practice for social care. 3.3 Explain what steps to take if consent cannot be readily established? These steps should be taken by professionals as stated in five principles set on in the Mental Capacity Act 2005. A presumption of capacity The right for people to be supported to make their own decisions People must retain the right to make what might be seen as eccentric or unwise decisions Anything done on behalf of people who do not have capacity must be in their best interests Anything done for or on behalf of people without capacity should be the least restrictive of their basic rights and freedoms Outcome 4 Be able to encourage active participation? 4.1 Describe how active participation benefits an individual’s? Active participation is an approach that enables individuals to be included in their care and have a greater say in how they live their life in ways that matter to them. The benefits of active participation can be divided into primary benefits and secondary benefits. Primary benefits include: 1. Physical benefits including greater activity levels. 2. Increased independence and autonomy in what people do. 3. An opportunity for individuals in health and social care settings to have a say in matters of direct concern to their lives. 4. Increased opportunities for social contact and interpersonal relationships. 5. Encouraging involvement and self-awareness. Individuals become more involved in the community and more aware of opportunities and what they can hope for themselves. 6. Increased opportunities for learning and development of important skills, knowledge, education and employment. 7. Enhanced well-being, with increases in self-confidence, self-esteem and self-belief. The benefits of active participation include the above primary benefits where the individual gains from its application in the real world of health and social care practice, but there are also some secondary benefits. The secondary benefits can be described as benefits that occur as a result of active participation, but are not a direct aim of active participation. These include: 1. Decreasing the likelihood of abuse. As the individual engages positively by actively participating is area of their life, such as in personal care, the scope for abuse by others is reduced. 2. Decreasing vulnerability. As individuals gain in their self-confidence and self-esteem they are less prone to exploitation and harm from others 4.2 Identify possible barriers to active participation? Factors including the following can cause barriers to active participation. Chronic pain, sadness, insecurity, depression, loss of hearing, poor eye sight, memory loss and immobility. Outcome 5 Be able to support the individual’s right to make choices? 5.3 Explain why a worker’s personal views should not influence an individual’s choices? If residents have the ability to make good choices, then they should be allowed to do so within reason. For example, if a service worker thinks a resident would be better off watching television with other residents, and they aren’t interested in the programming, that’s a choice they should be allowed to make. If a service worker thinks it would  be good for a resident to go outdoors to get some fresh air, and the resident doesn’t want to, then their choice should be respected. Not everyone likes to watch TV and spend time outdoors Making choices for most of us is part of our everyday life. It is a fundamental part of us being recognised and respected as an individual. Such choices contribute to us having control over our lives and individuals with learning disabilities also have the right to participate in decisions which affect their lives. Our practice should recognise the right of service users to make their own choices. Alongside this, services also need to provide capacity to give their users options. Choosing to ‘take it or leave it’ is not a real choice. Choice for users is now rightly promoted as a quality standard when care organisations advertise their services and forms part of how they are judged. The vast majority of decisions – and perhaps virtually all choices – can ultimately be tackled by most adults with a learning disability if right information and options are made accessible to them in terms they can understand. These efforts can involve advocates and other measures to safeguard the choice or decision making and may, for some parties, require considerable time and expertise in communication. 5.4 Describe how to support an individual to question or challenge decisions concerning them that are made by others? You need to make sure that they have all of the information, and understand it, in order to make an informal decision. They have the right to make their own choices and decisions under the human rights act, as long as the decisions they make do not put them at risk of harm or injury and they have the mental capacity to make them. you could support them to question or challenge by speaking on their behalf but you would need to know exactly what their wishes are. and record it for them to sign. Outcome 6 Be able to promote individuals well – being 6.1 Explain how individual identity and self esteem are linked with well – being? It’s been shown that thoughts effect a person’s physiology and immune system. A person with a low self-esteem would probably have more negative thoughts about themselves and also behave in a way that might cause others  to reinforce this low opinion of themselves which will increase those negative feelings. Identity-a person with a strong sense of self who knows who there are, are less likely to find themselves in situations that they don’t want to tolerate, when they feel these might have a negative effect on themselves. Having said I’ve seen lots of people that consider themselves to have low self-esteem but they appear very bubbly and happy. 6.2 Describe attitudes and approaches that are likely to promote an individual’s well – being? Being caring – listen to what the individual has to say{feeling and choices, opinions ect} being understanding and supportive, – positive comments/feedback- Ask questions; get involved with what they have to say or what they are Ask questions; get involved with what they have to say or what they are interested in.- Calm approach, do not sound angry or negative, positive facial expressions- Ensuring the individual knows they have somebody they can trust- encouraging.

English before final Essay

Poetry about love Love is the most powerful feeling of emotion in all kinds of relationships such as a father to his son or a lover to his mistress. The poem † My Papa’s Waltz† by Theodore Roethke and â€Å"Sonnet 130† by William Shakespeare focus on a similar theme which is love. The speaker in â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz†, and the speaker in sonnet 130 describe loving someone more than yourself. In Roethke’s poem, the speaker is a young boy who remembers his childhood relationship with his father. In sonnet 130, a speaker is a man who loves his mistress by celebrating the love for her. Theodore Roethke and William Shakespeare demonstrate the theme of love through using simile, metaphor, and tone to show the importance of love in their poems. Both poets use the device of simile as to express their love. William Shakespeare uses simile as regarding the appearance of his mistress who he loves the most. He compares the look of his mistress to give an idea to his readers about the appearance of his mistress. Such as, it is written in the poem â€Å"My mistress’s eyes are nothing like the sun† (line 1). By this line, he means that his mistress’ eyes are not at all beautiful like a sun. On the other hand, Roethke uses simile as though the son got hurt by his father but the son still loves him. In his poem, â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz†, he writes, â€Å"hung on like death† (line 3). This line of simile means that the son is denying to leave his drunken father even if he is having trouble holding his drunk father. The reason is the son is so desperate for spending time with his father, which shows the son loves his father a lot. The two poets use metaphor to enhance the importance of their love. Roethke uses metaphor as describing that it’s not easy to dance between loving and being scared of his father. Such as, he writes in his poem â€Å"Such waltzing was not easy â€Å"(line 4). By using this metaphor, he means that it is not easy for a little boy to enjoy dancing and taking care of his drunk father at the same time. In other words, it means that the relationship between a little boy and his drunk father is not such as easy and simple it seems like since it is hard and difficult. On the other hand, Shakespeare uses metaphor as comparing wires and her hair. Such as, he writes â€Å"If hairs are wires, black wires grow on her head† (line 4). By this line, the speaker makes the comparison of his mistress’s hair with wires which means his mistress’s hair is not soft or smooth. In other words, it means the speaker describe the reality of his mistress’ hair by emphasizing t hat his mistress is imperfect. Both poets use the device tone of in their poems. â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† has a tone of accepting and realistic by the fact that her mistress is not beautiful, but he still loves her.† You beat time on my head / Still clinging to your shirt† (last stanza). This metaphor sentence means even though his father is beating his son’s head, but the little boy does not let his father’s shirt since he loves his father unconditionally. In addition, it means the love of little boy does not change even though he got hurt by his drunk father. The †Sonnet 130 † has a tone of love and pain at the same time. † And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare /As any, she belied with false compare† (line 13, 14). By this line, the speaker means that the appearance of his mistress will not him stop loving his mistress less since he loves her no matter the appearance. In another word, it means that the speaker sti ll loves his mistress with all imperfection appearance that his mistress has it. The reason is that the speaker loves his mistress inner beauty than outer beauty. Ultimately, in the poem of Roethke and Willam Shakespeare, the main topic is loving someone else unconditionally. The poem † My Papa’s Waltz† by Theodore Roethke talks about a childhood memory of a young boy with his father. The poem † Sonnet 130† by William Shakespeare talks about a man who loves his mistress with all her flaws. The two poets write about the topic of love with the help of simile, metaphor, and tone. These two poems teach us that a bad action or imperfection of our loved ones will not stop us loving them. Work Cited Roethke, Theodore. â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz.† Literature: Approaches to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama, edited by Robert DiYanni, (2nd edition) McGraw Hill, 2008, Page 505 Shakespeare, William. † Sonnet 130.† Literature: Approaches to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama, edited by Stephen Orgel, with an introduction by John Hollander, 1609, page 134