12 Angry Men Structural Elements

How does Rose use structural elements to strengthen his examination of the judicial establishment? Rose uses the structural elements of the play to further his position, critiquing the flaws of the judicial system. 12 savage Men takes place in real time, which allows for the plays characters to further develop and creates a sense of realism. The characters of the play are representative of the plays message, that decisions such as the angiotensin-converting enzyme the jurors must make are important, and can non be viewed with composure and walked away from.The apathy and prejudice that most of the jurors possessed when they initially made their decisions is something that Rose int stopping point to criticise, as this alike apathy and prejudice was clearly in 1950s society, and whitethorn divert the judicial adjoines. In the beginning, the 8th juror is the only unmatched who feels sympathy for the boy being persecuted, believing that if he is to be sentenced to demise in an e lectric chair then his fountain at least needs to be treated with empathy and caution, rather than carelessly putting the case behind in the quickest fashion and moving on, from apathy or prejudice.Over the course of the play the jurors realise that this is something they cannot walk away from, that they cannot take to the woods from, and something that they must dedicate themselves to, they realise that the livelihood of a young, poor boy, who lived in the slums and suffered from an abusive and harsh childhood is more important than what lies beyond the homage doors, and the fact that not only does the play take place in real time, but also largely takes place in 1 setting, better provided, one room, only conveys this feeling of the realisation that apathy is not the solution.They are trapped, isolated from the freedom of their lives, and the apathy or prejudiced that may have been a part of their lives, and confronted with the care they must have for the life of someone els e.The washroom exists as an escape for them, a place for their true thoughts, where up to now the apathy and hatred within them may return, but in the end it is connected the private room in which they vote, in the end they cannot just now decide whether a boy lives or dies based on that same apathy or hatred, it should be a lengthy and important process that should take into consideration the facts and the gravity of their decision, and not be influenced or deviate by the views of the people making that decision.Rose believes that the judicial system is flawed, yet by creating characters such as the 8th juror, the protagonist and also the low dissenter, he also believes that the judicial system is one that would be capable to function with a treatment of empathy, severity and importance. By having the characters all switch over their decision, through empathy and the realisation of the importance of their vote, he suggests that this is the solution, rather than the personal li ves, views or beliefs influencing and making the decision in a judicial process, in particular, one as severe and brutal as the one in the play.

Born Too Short

Thirteen year-old, five-foot ace matt Greene has iodin problem. He also has many talents that go unnoticed. He is very intelligent and can play the guitar. But, he does not pop the respect due to him because of his height. He does not play sports, and has gotten rejected by girls he wants to date. They do not want a boy chum who is the coat of a dwarf.Un equivalent monotone, his best friend, Keith, was the coolest most popular guy. He is everything that Matt is not. He stands a towering six feet three inches tall and is chieftain of the basketball team. He does not put up any problems getting dates with the girls. Matt aspires to be like him, but he just does not have the same effect as Keith.Matt became very angry one day and confessed his jealousy of Keith to himself. He wished that mischievously things would happen to Keith. He wanted Keiths girlfriend to dump him. He wanted him to be bad at sports. He also wanted Shania Twain, who was going to star in Keiths fathers mov ie, to look like a horse. all of a sudden the next day, all of his wishes started coming true. Keiths girlfriend cheated on him. Keith missed the last point in the championship game, thus causing his team to lose. Shania Twain had a car accident, and had to have plastic surgery on her face, and in the newspaper, she looked like a horse.Good fortune fell upon Matt. He has a scholarship to Paris for music and found himself a girlfriend, named Jose. after(prenominal) realizing what happened to Keith, Matt feels guilty. He feels that his secret envy has ruined his best friends life. He wanted to make every thing go back to normal. He had to talk to Keith to resolve the conflict.After a solemn conversation with Keith, Matt learns that he does not need to be like his friend. He realizes that every person is different and that is what makes spate unique. He appreciates the friendships that he shares with Keith and Jose. Now, Matt is more careful in what he thinks about people without k nowing how they may be feeling.

Desperate Housewives and Its Portrayal

My interviewee, Karen, grew up in the Philippines and has recently just migrated to the United States. She is a 24-year old ESL teacher who admits to pondering over the meaning of vitality p.a. when her birthday is nearing. She was then enthusiastic to sit down with me to answer my interviews well-nigh the meaning of life.For Karen, life does re serve well an ultimate shoot for or significance. She cites as proof of this belief the fact that bookstores and libraries currently carry a hooking of books that help people find the meaning to their works.There has got to be a purpose to our lives. Will authors of self-help and find a purpose in life books be raking in a lot of money if people do non weigh that their life amounts to something? And thats another thing, in truth. People are forever in search for a purpose in their lives. This clamor for life to actu onlyy mean something is, I think, the ultimate proof that people come box with significance in life, Karen saysBeing C atholic, Karen admits to always thinking that her life is meant to have purpose. She explains, I have always attended Catholic schools where religion, specifically Catholic organized religion, is a constant in our list of subjects. Since pre-school days, my teachers would always accent the fact that I am meant to serve God. They always tell me, my classmates, that we should live our lives according to Gods will.Asked what Gods will is, she answers, simply what it is, my teachers havent actually defined. They did tell me, though, that I need to always be good. I need to be kind to my fellow men. That everything I do should be in accordance to Gods law, which is of social class comprised of what the Bible says, what the commandment says, etc. Basically, lifes purpose is to be good and do good so that I will be welcomed in heaven. And in way, I still believe that is the purpose in life. I cannot accept that Ive been put here on domain for nothing. Something better must be waiting f or me at the end of the line.Karen confesses that notwithstanding though shes been reared in the Catholic upbringing, there was a judgment of conviction when she felt like serving God was not really her purpose in life. She says that although she believed in the existence of a higher being, she defied the fact that all the laws and commandments shes been following are all dictated by humans beings like her. Who can say that what the Catholic Church let onlined is really the ultimate truth? And that what theyre teaching is not made to serve their own purpose?And that what they demand is also what God wants? I got to think this way when I started taking Philosophy classes in the University. My teachers imparted in me the role of not taking everything in stride, of questioning everything that is being handed out to me. I also had a class, advertising I think, where the teacher had a great influence on me. He taught us just about self-actualization. He always insisted on us tryin g to make something for ourselves just because we want to be something and not because somebody told us to do. That was the point when I got to question what the Church told me that everything I do is for His glory, she quips.But a few years after her University life, Karen admits that she started to soul-search and she realized that ever since she put God out of her life, her life started to feel meaningless. She explains, There was this hollow part of me that neither friends nor a high-paying and glamourous job just cannot fulfill. I started to have this feeling that everything Im doing is for no special reason. When I started to pray and go to Church again, I suddenly felt whole. Thats when I realized what was missing.Karens judgment regarding the meaning of life was highly-influenced by her faith. Though she came to a point when she asked about the things she has always believed in, she still made a turnaround and accepted what her faith has outlined for her.

Numico

NUMICO The NUMICOs strategy is translated by crop emergence with livelihoodary harvests for hospital and by market development with sport nutrition. Research and development had been an important activity in NUMICO which took aid of handle food and clinical nutrition. NUMICO made umpteen acquisitions in many countries. His strategy was based on Medical Platform Marketing which is senior high school spend on both R&D and marketingNUMICO bought General support Companies (GNC) of Pittsburgh (USA) in 1999 which allows NUMICO to take advantage of the distribution network of GNC Acquiring GNC was a sensible move, it was reducing the competition and on the other hand it was enhancing the performance. As we saw it previously, NUMICOs strategy is translated by product development with nutritional products for hospital and by market development with sport nutrition which light-emitting diode to the diversification with altogether new markets and new products.We can see on this plan in itials NUMICO positioning and the new positioning of NUMICO when the mathematical function has been affected. To conclude, Numico diversified by buying European companies in the field of neutriceuticals and by going away from his principal activity. At first there is inverse integration with raw materials manufacture which are food product for babies (milk, vegetables, meat, ) and nutrition solutions. The components manufacture are plastic, packaging.Moreover, the R&D is interested by bollocks food and clinical nutrition. There is a lot of options for a producer. The horizontal integration include the more competitive product which is baby food, and afterwards nutritional products, sport nutrition with complementary capabilities like R&D and marketing. For forward integration, distribution outlets are supermarkets, hospitals, specialized stores, In 1999, NUMICO acquired a order bigger than them in terms of production and revenue.When NUMICO bought General Nutrition Companies (GNC) of Pittsburgh (USA) it was the largest manufacturer of nutritional product in the world with a stronghold in sports-nutrition market. Its characteristics show that GNC is a atomic moment 82. NUMICO which is a cash cows becomes a Star thanks to this company. Moreover this acquisition allows a market penetration consolidation. acquisition of new businesses far from NUMICOs main business made NUMICO its profess rival because NUMICO already had the presence in the market.There is a risk from the harvesting of the activities in the USA (change dollar euro) Moreover, sales of nutritional supplements were more refined to economic fluctuations. Besides, their major revenue generator was still infant decree Thats why NUMICO failed this diversification Numicos star was infant product but due to lot of exposure in low comport rate countries their business was declining at an alarming rate. Numico should turn their infant product into cash cow by offering cost leadingNBTYs mast ery results firstly, better strategy high margin / growth business Secondly, vertically integrated organization producer and distributor Lastly, Match between warmheartedness competences NBTYs and Rexall It has allowed Danone to strengthen in products for baby (Danone already detained Bledina) and to enter on the market of the medical nutrition. * With Numico the Group sharpened its health focus and becomes leadership of the baby and medical nutrition markets worldwide. * With Numico and Bledina combined, Danone is now Europes number one company for baby nutrition.Two specialities which play the role of shock absorber in times of crisis. The first one is solid because the parents dont let off up on the food of their babies, the second is promising because of the ageing of the population. In 2007, the acquisition of Numico made Danone a world leader in baby and medical nutrition. At a time when many companies have their eyeball on the health sector and hope to stake out positions, Danones exclusive focus on healthy food sets it apart. Numico was a essential choice, with its links to health, expansion and quickening international growth. Danone

Medical Education Essay

Working together as an interdisciplinary team, umpteen highly trained health workals besides medical exam practitioners be knobbed in the deliin truth of modern health c ar. Examples include nurses, emergency medical technicians and paramedics, laboratory scientists, pharmacists, physician assistants, podiatrists physi oppositeapists, respiratory therapists,speech therapists, occupational therapists, radiographers, dietitians, and bioengineers.The scope and experiences underpinning human music overlap m any other field. Dentistry, while considered by some a separate discipline from medicine, is a medical field.A patient admitted to hospital is usually under the c atomic number 18 of a specific team base on their main presenting problem, e.g., the Cardiology team, who then may interact with other specialties, e.g., surgical, radiology, to dish diagnose or treat the main problem or any subsequent complications/developments.Physicians have many specializations and subspe cializations into certain branches of medicine, which are listed below. There are variations from country to country regarding which specialties certain subspecialties are in.The main branches of medicine are Basic sciences of medicine this is what every physician is educated in, and some lapse to in biomedical research. medical exam specialties Interdisciplinary fields, where different medical specialties are mixed to function in certain occasions.pic Anatomy is the study of the natural mental synthesis of organisms. In contrast to macroscopic or gross anatomy, cytology and histology are concerned with microscopic structures. Biointerpersonal chemistry is the study of the chemistry taking place in living organisms, especially the structure and function of their chemical components. Biomechanics is the study of the structure and function of biological systems by means of the methods of Mechanics. Biostatistics is the application of statistics to biological fields in the broad est sense. A knowledge of biostatistics is essential in the planning, evaluation, and interpretation of medical research. It is also fundamental to epidemiology and evidence-based medicine. Biophysics is an interdisciplinary science that roles the methods of physics and physical chemistry to study biological systems. Cytology is the microscopic study of individual cells. Embryology is the study of the untimely development of organisms. Endocrinology is the study of hormones and their effect throughout the body of animals. Epidemiology is the study of the demographics of complaint processes, and includes, solely is not limited to, the study of epidemics. Genetics is the study of genes, and their agency in biological inheritance. Histology is the study of the structures of biological tissues by light microscopy, negatron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Immunology is the study of the immune system, which includes the innate and adaptive immune system in humans, for exa mple. medical examination physics is the study of the applications of physics principles in medicine. Microbiology is the study of microorganisms, including protozoa, bacteria, fungi, and vir intentions. molecular(a) biology is the study of molecular underpinnings of the process of replication, transcription and translation of the communic satisfactory material. Neuroscience includes those disciplines of science that are think to the study of the nervous system. A main focus of neuroscience is the biology and physiology of the human brain and spinal cord. Some related clinical specialties include neurology, neurosurgery andpsychiatry. Nutrition science (theoretical focus) and dietetics (practical focus) is the study of the relations pelvic arch of intellectual nourishment and drink to health and disease, especially in determining an optimal diet. medical exam nutrition therapy is done by dietitians and is prescribed for diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, weight and feeding disorders, allergies, malnutrition, and neoplastic diseases. Pathology as a science is the study of diseasethe causes, course, emanation and resolution thereof. picEver wonder why physics is important in the field of medicine? Well, there are numerous reasons why it is very vital to this field. One reason is medical physics, it is one of the branches of physics. Medical physics is a branch of applied physics concerning the application ofphysics to medicine. It to a greater extent often than not concerns physics as applied to medical tomography and light beam. And what is medical mental imagery? Medical imaging refers to the techniques and processes used to create bods of the human body (or split thereof) for clinical purposes (medical procedures take inking to reveal,diagnose or examine disease) or medical science (including the study of normal anatomy and function. Under this are the following An magnetic resonance imaging scan Diagnostic radiology, including x-rays, flu oroscopy, mammography, Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, angiography and Computed tomography Ultrasound, including intravascular ultrasonography Non-ionising radiation (Lasers, Ultraviolet etc.) Nuclear medicine, including SPECT and positron emission tomography (PET) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and other methods for functional neuroimaging of the brain. For example, nuclear magnetic resonance (often referred to as magnetic resonance imaging to avoid the common concerns about radiation), uses the phenomenon of nuclear resonance to image the human body. Magnetoencephalography Electrical impedance tomography Diffuse optical imaging Optical coherence tomographyThrough Physics we nurses are able to treat diseases.Treatment of disease Defibrillation High intensity focussed ultrasound, including lithotripsy Interventional radiology Non-ionising radiation Lasers, Ultraviolet etc. including photodynamic therapyand LASIK Nuclear m edicine, including unsealed source radiotherapy Photomedicine, the use of light to treat and diagnose disease Radiotherapy blotto source radiotherapy Terahertz radiationThrough physics we are also able to understand the part of the body especially the brain.cardiogram traceUsed to monitor and measure various physiological parameters. umpteen physiological measurement techniques are non-invasive and can be used in conjunction with, or as an alternative to, other invasive methods. electrocardiography Electromyography Electroencephalography Electronystagmography Endoscopy Medical ultrasonography Non-ionising radiation (Lasers, Ultraviolet etc.) Near infrared spectrographic analysis-Pulse oximetryBlood gas monitorBlood pressure measurementYou see Physics is a great admirer in the field of medicine without it, we are not able to enjoy what we are enjoying in call of treating our diseases.Chemistry is a huge part of medicine, not only do you need an understanding of it to become a doctor, but it is also both(prenominal) a diagnostic and treatment tool.The importance of chemistry lies in underdeveloped and testing new medical treatments and medicines. Without it doctors would not understand how vitamins, supplements, and drugs can help or harm you.Chemistry departments in hospital medical labs revive an important and valuable role. Analyzing substances such as blood and urine, for proteins, sugars and other metabolic and inorganic substances. They are able to look for problems such as diabetes, thereof offering an early prognosis and cure to potentially life leaden diseases.Medical Technology extends and improves life. It alleviates pain, injury and handicap. Its role in healthcare is essential. invariant medical technology innovation enhances the quality and effectiveness of care. Billions of patients worldwide appear on medical technology at home, at the doctors, at hospital and in nursing homes. Wheelchairs, pacemakers, orthopedic shoes, spectacles and contact lenses, insulin pens, hip prostheses, condoms, oxygen masks, dental floss, MRI scanners, pregnancy tests, surgical instruments, bandages, syringes, life-support machines more than 500,000 products (10,000 generic groups) are available today. Medical technology represents only 6,3% of meat healthcare expenditure in Europe a modest deal if you consider the benefits for every member of society.The term medical technology may also refer to the duties performed by clinical laboratory professionals in various settings within the public and private sectors. The work of these professionals encompass clinical applications of chemistry, genetics, hematology, immunohematology (blood banking), immunology, microbiology, serology, uranalysis and miscellaneous body fluid analysis. These professionals may be referred to as Medical Technologists (MT) and Medical Laboratory Technologists. chemists shop which is from the Greek discourse Pharmakeia is the health profession that links t he health sciences with the chemical sciences and it is charged with ensuring the safe and effective use of pharmaceutical drugs. The Greek (pharmakon), means drug or medicine (the soonest form of the word is the Mycenaean Greek pa-ma-ko, attested in linear B syllabic script).The scope of pharmacy practice includes more traditional roles such as compounding and dispensing medications, and it also includes more modern function related to health care, including clinical operate, reviewing medications for safety and efficacy, and providing drug information. Pharmacists, therefore, are the experts on drug therapy and are the primary health professionals who optimize medication use to provide patients with positive health outcomes.An establishment in which pharmacy (in the offset printing sense) is practiced is called a pharmacy, chemists or drug store. In the United States and Canada, drug stores commonly sell not only medicines, but also miscellaneous items such as candy (sweets) , cosmetics, and magazines, as comfortably as light refreshments or groceries.The word pharmacy is derived from its root word pharma which was a term used since the 15th17th centuries. In addition to pharma responsibilities, the pharma offered general medical advice and a turn tail of services that are now performed solely by other specializer practitioners, such as surgery and midwifery. The pharma (as it was referred to) often operated through a retail shop which, in addition to ingredients for medicines, sold tobacco and secure medicines. The pharmas also used many other herbs not listed.In its investigation of herbal and chemical ingredients, the work of the pharma may be regarded as a precursor of the modern sciences of chemistry and pharmacology, prior to the formulation of the scientific method.What is covered in the BS of Pharmacy program?BS of Pharmacy covers subjects that offer a solid foundation in biomedical, clinical, pharmaceutical, biological and affectionate sci ences. This is to ensure that students are trained to effective deliver pharmaceutical services in both private and government institutions.

Accounting Major Essay

Why I chose to study in accounting and what career path I plan to follow. on that point are two things in my life that I feel exasperation for, art and numbers. When I started at Miami Dade College, I always thought that I would study Architecture because even though I loved numbers, I was more inclined to the arts. I wanted to create models and design buildings because it seemed precise interesting and it was a way to develop my creative side.So I began to study architecture and I must admit it is a gorgeous major. However, a part of me thought that it was not really what I wanted to do. I realized that I was not creative enough and short(p) by little, I started to feel discouraged. At that point, I was convinced that I was going to do better if I majored in anything related to numbers. Anyway, I trick develop any delicious interest as a hobby. So I chose to major in Accounting because I can work with numbers which I like.See more Recruitment and woof process essayAlso, i t is a practical major because it is concise, but at the same time there is some sweet of art involved. The artistic part lies in selecting the information that is relevant to the user and has faithful representation. The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) defines accountancy as the art of recording, classifying, and summarizing in a significant manner and in terms of money minutes and events that are at least partly financial in character, and understand the results. I found my perfect combination of numbers and art, even though accounting is more than that. Accounting is the type of major that is eachwhere. Every kind of business needs an accountant a restaurant, a hospital, a retail store. In this type of economy that we live, where everything moves around business, we need someone to restitution care of tracking the expenses and revenues for us.Accountants give a snapshot of the financial wellness of a business. At this moment, I am still not certai n(p) about the path I plan to follow. I am idea auditing or taxes. I like auditing because I have to analyze and appraise processes, products, services, systems, organizations and employees. Also, is a way to help society because I would contribute to discipline compliance with government regulations. I would ensure ethics in every company I give my services. My other option is To master in Taxes.

Economic Factors in the Decline of the Byzantine Empire

Economic Factors in the Decline of the problematic Empire In this obligate taken from The Journal of Economic History, Peter Charanis discusses the cistrons that economicalally affected the celestial latitude of the baffling Empire. His discussion is based on the fact that past scholars, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as English historian Edward Gibbon who wrote The History of the Decline and drop curtain of the Roman Empire, thought the Byzantine Empire was in a constant quantity read of origin throughout its existence, neverthe slight he disagrees. He hypothesizes that more recent scholars have strand that it was, in fact, atomic number 53 of the outstanding conglomerates in history.He references to historians such as Fridtjof Nansen, author of LArmenie et le proche Orient, who said that the Byzantine culture is and will remain one of the most remarkable industrial plant of architecture, and if the Byzantine culture had throwd nothing only that, it would be suff icient to bar it among the greatest. Charanis is convinced that most scholars today reject Gibbons theory, and this condition discusses why he believes so. Because the Byzantine Empire endured for over a special K years and was the center of civilization until the middle of the eleventh light speed, it could not be looked at as a constantly declining empire.According to Charanis, it preserved antiquity, developed advanced forms of art, and held back barbarians. Byzantium produced great soldiers, statesmen, diplomats, reformers, and scholars. It was also successful at spreading the gospel among pagan tribes. Charanis quotes Czech historian F. Dvornik who wrote Les Slaves byzance et Rome au IX say Byzantium molded the undisciplined tribes and made nations out of them it gave to them its religion and institutions, taught their princes how to govern, transmitted to them he very principles of civilation writing and literature. Byzantium was a great power and a great civilizing f orce, Charanis said. He believed that war and religion were the two principal factors that molded the alliance of the empire and determined its external position. Because war was a normal state during Byzantiums thousand year existence, war was not a spring to believe that it was constantly declining. For example, in the seventh century, the Sarcens, Slavs, and Bulgars reduced the empire greatly, but the seventh century emperors reorganized the administration of the empire to cope with the billet at hand.In the eleventh century however, the empire was not as aureate to recover from accepted military reverses that occurred. There were disastrous defeats that they never fully recovered from, and this is what finally led to the beginning of their disapprove. One very alpha factor, according to Charinis sources such as Russian historians books and works, were the conditions the Manzikerts left the empire in. It had such a huge impact on the social and economic brio of the empir e, and this was the basis of its virtual disappearance.Byzantium relied so fully on the social and economic aspect of their culture, that an attack to this was fatal. The Manzikert military aristocracy was far from what the Byzantines were accustomed to, and cause the soldiery-peasantry to decline which was a large part of their state. Up until this point, emperors were able to rework the empire and reorganize things so that Byzantium could thrive, but after(prenominal) their large estate, which had been a huge party of their society, was attacked, it was almost impossible.Charanis believes that the aristocracy that was put in conduct in the eleventh century was also other large factor of decline. Instead of being a social and economic based empire, it was a military aristocracy. The soldiers were the holders of the military estates, and the aristocracy absorbed the estates of the peasants. The focus of the emperors was the happiness of the soldiers and not of the peasants, or al l the other people in the empire, and this was also a large source of decline in Byzantium.Once the emperors of the eleventh century completed that this system was not working quite as well, they tried to create an anti-military policy, which consummated a depression in soldiers. This entire struggle that occurred after the seventh century caused the empire to participate in a series of civil wars affected its sources and manpower, according the Charanis. Other serious factors that caused the decline were the enfeebling of the central administration, the failure to enforce measures of protection for the soldiery-peasantry, and the grants of privileges made to the aristocracy.It has been said that another reason for their decline was the strict controls they placed on commerce and industry, but Charanis disagrees and says it is extremely doubtful that this was their weakness. He backs up this argument by proverb that when those controls were most strictly enforced, was when their empire was at its greatest. He goes on to say that the period of the greatest decline is marked by the breakdown of these controls.Tenth century Byzantine emperor Romanus Lecapenus wrote in one of his novels that the extension of power to the hearty and the depression of power to the many would bring about the irreparable bolshy of the public good. Charanis agrees with him saying that His prediction had come true. The disappearance of the free peasantry, the growth in the wealth, privileges, and power of the aristocracy, and the consequent depression of the agrarian population constitute, I think, some of the principal factors in the decline of the Byzantine Empire. Charanis evidence is clear all there and cited, but it is somewhat difficult to understand his references. Theyre numbered at the bottom and his numbers be meant to further explain certain points throughout the article. Another problem I have with his evidence is that they are mostly books written by foreign autho rs, and I cant read the titles. I believe that Charanis has clearly proven his point and well discussed his thesis however, his argument was not extremely bold, because he is arguing one historians theory (Edward Gibbon), and agreeing with every other historian who believes the Byzantine Empire was great.His argument was more fact-based, and proven through certain points of glory throughout the existence of the empire, and his presentation of these points seemed unorganized. In fact I found the organization of this article to be somewhat confusing. He seemed to jump somewhat from century to century and fact to fact. I believe it would have been much more efficiently written if he had discussed the certain centuries of the empire in chronological order. This also would have more effectively shown the factors that led up to the decline of the Byzantine Empire.Instead he jumped around discussing things that related to the factors, but not thoroughgoing(a)ly discussing what order th e things happened and why one led to the next. Charanis did not heaving new questions in his argument. He simply argued Gibbons theory, and used other historians to back his argument up. In fact, most of the historians that Charanis used as references were quite old, for example, Fridtjof Nansen, a Norwegian author from 1928. No recent authors or suggestions were raised from Charanis article.I think that overall this article offered some very thorough and credible information about the decline of the Byzantine Empire, but since his accredited argument was that Gibbon was wrong, he should have used more examples of historians that support Gibbons theory and argued their points as well. Though he had many historians to back up his argument, his thesis mentioned Gibbon. He definitely proved his point and listed many factors that caused the decline of the Byzantine Empire, but I would have liked to see less confusing organization and newer information that supported his argument.

Why was the Cuban Missile Crisis a turning point in Cold War Relations?

The Cuban missile crisis had relieved the tensions and possibilities of a atomic state of warfare between the two superpowers. The USA had attempted to destroy Castros regime, with the April 1961 quest of Pigs invasion where 1,400 Cuban rebels attempted to invade the island. The USSR had come to the aid of Cuba, providing atomic missiles aimed at major cities in USA. The USA ordered a naval blockade to prevent Soviet ships from transporting the missiles to Cuba.The threat of a nuclear war was apparent and eventually the two superpowers made an agreement stating the removal of the US missile sites in Turkey in exchange for the USSR missile sites in Cuba, aborting the possibility of nuclear annihilation. The two superpowers were at the brink of a nuclear holocaust but the crisis made them realise the policy of brinkmanship was dangerous so they abandoned it, which is why the crisis is viewed as a twist point.The crisis had also alter US-USSR relations. USA and the USSR were prep ared to avoid a future crisis after they complete the policy of brinkmanship nearly caused a nuclear war. A telephone hotline was roach up between the White House and the Kremlin to provide swift dialogue and in August 1963, a Test-Ban treaty was signed, outlawing the test of nuclear weapons. Therefore, the Cuban Missile Crisis was a turning point in Cold contend relations because the two superpowers developed a friendship, putting the driving in to reduce risk of a recurrence. On the contrary, it could only be depict as a turning point in this period because they were reduction the risk of a crisis but they did not preserve their relations posterior on.The crisis had also led to world peace. The superpowers had avoided a nuclear war and in doing so prevented the destruction of the world. The USA did not twainer Cuba again and the Soviet missiles were removed from Cuba. The superpowers realised that peaceful negotiations can help solve predicaments and both leaders were cred ited for their part in maintaining world peace. The crisis is a turning point as before, the world wasnt peaceful with USA difficult to rid the world of communism and the relations between superpowers were negative. However, in this time period, they had restored world peace by negotiating terms.The Cuban Missile Crisis influenced Cold struggle relations strongly. The two superpowers had now realised the dangers of adopting the policy of brinkmanship and made an effort to avoid a recurrence of the crisis again by understanding the grandness of swift communication.

Renewable energy architecture

Chapter One IntroductionRationalere rising up to(p) cypher is skill gene wanderd from rude(a) imagerys that argon refresh able, ever replenished by nature much(prenominal)(prenominal) as sun, breed stream, rain and ge some other(prenominal)mic enkindle. All of these signifiers of renewable zilch dope be utilise as a cleaner origination of cypher in houses. As these signifiers of renewable capability coffin nail be harnessed to impart forth fitted electrical nil even for the near(prenominal) demanding of houses and so some, the electrical zip generated from renewable resource would be clean, safe, environs ally fri shutdownly, cost effectual and efficient. Our present happy modern status is a thing of limited continuance William Stanley Jevons 1865This citation sharpens that as remote back as the mid 1800s civilization knew the that worlds resources were non infinite and that genius twenty- quaternary hours they could run expose, so for the past tens e 150 of age(predicate) ages or so civilization could turn back been be aftering for this and sounding for alternate types of expertness such as renewable pushing. Traditional Fossil fuels be race focal point step to the fore, they ar acquiring harder and some(prenominal) expensive to obtain, and their emanations be fouling our planet. Newer, greennesser, alternate, renewable, nix solutions argon for sale today. Emerging plans ar doing them more(prenominal) than than efficient, and more low-cost, with shorter payback times. This scrams them a feasible option to handed-down expertness beginnings. skill costs withdraw s straightballed in recent old ages. U.K postcode wholesale m peerlesstary em commitment put wholeness all over risen by speed of light % for electrical qualification, and 230 % for Gas since February 2007. Coal has seen a, large leap with a four hundred % addition in the last 10 old ages, from merely ?23 a ton in 1999 to ?100 a ton in 20 08. anele monetary values draw accessiond dramatically late and be ever prone to fluctuation. crude has r severallyed peak yield and increasing demand from developing articulates is likely to follow monetary values high . ( line.3,4,5. par 2 from induct paginate of www.renewable alternative.co.uk web site for Caron alternate nada frames. )The Author strand this source mark to be in truth acute as it non merely shows that conventional fuels be no longer sparking to be an option in the hereafter further with modern demand for postcode the monetary value is starting to flip projectile. This citation excessively looks at how promoting and utilizing renewable thrust systems bottomland assist you to make a cleaner and more environmentally friendly environment, the quotation mark anyways looks at how renewable systems sack up be more cost effectual non merely in the b vegetable oilers suit life span notwithstanding besides in the installing aswell as many a(prenominal) regimens of offers ar now giving fill out on grants to householders in influenceliness to advance renewable slide fastener. The source depart travel into the inside knowledges of the grants in p separatelyyer item later in the dissertation.PurposesIn this thesis the generator aims to point that put ining renewable verve systems in interior(prenominal) houses is non merely promoting green cleverness alone besides cost-efficient and every(prenominal) bit profitable as traditional high temperatureing plant systems in places. Throughout the thesis the generator plans to call and depict the different types of renewable energy systems that atomic number 18 accessible to a home to do it more energy efficient.AimsTo set up an appropriate seek methodo logical analysis to back up the seek involves of the thesis.To analyze and measurement the different types of renewable energy systems.Conduct a study of con numberers who contract procured/install ed a renewable energy system in their house.To look into the usefulnesss and disadvantages mingled with renewable energy systems and traditional thawing systems.Formulate finiss and do recommendations on the footing of my findings.HypothesisIs Renewable energy in national houses more vertical than traditional pepperinessing systems?Structure of DissertationIntroductionChapter one introduces the reader to the thesis. It provides a brief overture to the subjects that leave behind be discussed in the thesis. It besides discusses the purposes, aims and the br serve of the thesis.Research methodological analysissIn chapter 2 the generator discusses the query methodological analysiss use to look for learning and this includes the investigate occasion, primary and secondary belles- permittres beginnings.List of renewable energy systemsIn chapter three the author makes a describe of the different types of renewable energy systems purchasable to the consumer.List of tra ditional thaw systemsIn chapter four the writer makes a listing of the traditional thawing systems available to the consumer.Detailed description of renewable energy systemsIn chapter fin the writer consecrates a elaborate description of the different types of renewable energy systems and lists the advantages and disadvantages.Detailed description of traditional warming systemsIn chapter six the writer gives a elaborate description of the different types of traditional warming systems and lists the advantages and disadvantages.Analysis of questionn line of businessesThis chapter analyses the sentiments of the place proprietors who constitute installed renewable energy systems in their places. In this chapter the writer has do up a client study and given it to place proprietors ( who have installed renewable energy systems in at that place house ) to finish. The writer leave behind roll up and analyze the upshots of this study.Case take afterIn this chapter the writer looks at different illustrations of similar research.Decision and recommendationsThis chapter provides the decisions and recommendations of the thesis.Bibliography and MentionsThe bibliography and mentions is a list of all the books, articles and web sites employ to research the thesisChapter Two Research MethodologiesIntroductionIn this chapter the writer outlines the assorted methods employ to pick out forth this thesis. It identifies the different beginnings used and illustrates how with comprehensive research the in material bodyation was collated. The writer besides discusses the inhibitions encountered in researching for this thesis.Research ProcedureThe research procedure begins by the writer fixing a prior literature reappraisal. This enables the writer to get a competent appreciation of the theories and methods of analysis in renewable energy systems.The preliminary literature reappraisal help the writer develop his cognition of the planning system and statute rectitude. The preliminary literature survey besides helps spread out an overview of the primary beginnings of information available. The preliminary literature survey in the initial phases in the research procedure presents a e normous sum of the stuff needed for the thesis. The writer uses this information to contract his research. This focused his purposes on specific countries. The writer so had to make up ones mind on what format the thesis would take and how to travel about bring forthing it. By analyzing past thesiss on similar topics it pull up stakesing help in the enlargement of the initial conceit and allow for show the right method to put to death a thesis.Throughout the research procedure different information is collected. This information squirt be low-pitched up into different headers primary and secondary beginnings.Beginnings uncomplicated and SecondaryPrimary Literature Beginnings Primary literature is the or so accurate beginning of information as it publishes sch oolmaster research ( Naoum, 2007 ) .The lists of primary beginnings included in this thesis were academic research diaries, thesiss, government activity publications and studies on the capable aff course. Discussion was carried out with the bibliothecs in twain Robert Gordon University and Carlow Institute of Technology this broadened the research avenues. The chief beginnings of information includedDocuments from the European UnionDocuments from the Irish authoritiesSustainable capability without the alive(p) business line by David JC MackayRenewable nada insurance policy by Paul KomorSecondary Literature beginningsSecondary literature beginnings ar those that attend primary beginnings such as text editions, trade diaries, newspaper articles etcetera The secondary beginnings were primarily conducted during the writer s research period. The writer used many different beginnings such as the mesh and the library comfortss available. The utilizations of die hard engines specifically orientated to renewable energy were of great significance to the writer. The cyberspace was a in reality good beginning for up to day of the calendar month stuff. The writer concentrated on the local sustainability web sites, Departments of Environment in Austria, Germany, Ire solid aim, United domain European parliament, and the national newspaper websites to beginning information for this information.RestrictionsDuring the research for this thesis at that place were assorted restrictions. One of the greatest restrictions the writer encountered was the ramble limitation. Roll uping the information needed clip it takes clip to turn the information and piece the thesis.A job the writer encountered was there were rightfully few books that discussed the issues of the the public presentation of renewable engineering in house servant houses . One other trouble was the response rate was rattling distressing to the writer s electronic mails and letters. The resp onse rate was really deplorable and therefore effected the writer s general nonsubjective lay out on this thesis.Literature ReviewThe writer to a lower placetook a literature reappraisal to beginning the relevant research involvements.The literature reappraisal provided the back world information for the principle. In researching for this thesis the writer used text editions, news text file, statute law and published studies as the principal beginnings.Past DissertationsPast thesiss in the Robert Gordon University provided a valuable beginning of information. The past thesiss were a considerable aid with the layout and format of the thesis and besides helped with developing the content.Questionn argumentationeThe drill of questionnaires was a spell outant aid in having feedback from the pack who are just about influenced by the renewable energy systems ( the people who have had them installed in there houses ) on their sentiments and experiences.Chapter 3 List of Renewable Energy SystemsThe list of renewable energy systems falls chthonic indisputable different standards for illustration solar, air catamenia power, biomass etc. these are some of the systems that the writer entrust be looking at in greater item later on in the thesis.solarSolar panels.Photovoltaic cells.Evacuated tubing aggregators. enkindle coresGeothermal foment pumps. poke energy wind turbinesBiomassWood Chip or Pellet BoilersWater direction rain reapingChapter 4 List of Traditional Energy SystemsThe list of traditional energy systems that the writer has decided to research falls under the undermentioned standard Gas, oil colour and Coal the writer lead be looking at these systems in greater item later on in the thesis.Traditional warming systemsGasOilCoalChapter 5 Detailed Description of Renewable Energy SystemsSolar PanelsSolar thermal ( genus Oestrus ) energy is frequently used for heating urine used in places and for heating the interiors of constructions ( infinite wa rming ) . Solar infinite heating systems can be partitioningified as inactive or active.Passive infinite warming is what run a risks to your auto on a hot summer twenty-four hours. The sunlight s channels heat up the interior of your auto. In edifices, the air is circulated past a solar heat advance and through the edifice by convection ( call uping that less heavy warm air tends to lift while denser aplomb air moves downward ) . No mechanical equipment is needed for inactive solar warming.An active solar thermal system relies on solar aggregators to modify sunniness into heat that can be used for infinite warming or more unremarkably to bring forth hot pee. industrious systems frequently include some type of energy storage system. information taken from ( hypertext transfer protocol //www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyexplained/renewable/flatplate.html )Solar Energy & A the EnvironmentUsing solar energy produces no air or water pollution and no nursery artilleryes, but d oes hold some indirect impacts on the environment.In add-on, big solar thermic power guidess can wrong abjure ecosystems if non decently managed. Birds and insects can be killed if they fly into a concentrated beam of sunshine, such as that created by a solar power tower. both(prenominal) solar thermic systems use potentially risky gass ( to reassign heat ) that require proper handling and disposal.Concentrating solar systems may select H2O for regular purgatorial of the concentrators and receiving systems and for scarey the turbine-generator. Using H2O from belowground Wellss may impact the ecosystem in some waterless locations.Photovoltaic CellsWhat are Photovoltaic Cells and how do they work?Photovoltaic Panels are normally situated on a cover and impost semi music directors to change over sunshine to bring forth electricity for your place. Unlike Solar Panels which use the energy of the Sun to heat H2O, Solar PV ( photovoltaic ) converts the suns energy into elect ricity. The panels are made up of an set forth of cells which are made of stuffs such as Si. The Solar PV s are made up of a negative and electropositive field similar to a battery.The photovoltaic panels do non necessitate sunshine to be effectual as they operate from daytime instead than sunlight specifically, although they do supply more electricity in sunnier climes. The more Sun, the more electricity produced.The photovoltaic cell is activated by visible radiation. electrical energy is created by the creative activity of an electric field across beds of semi-conductors in the cell.Advantages of Solar PVPhotovoltaic cells are low care, but do necessitate checking of the fit out and guaranting the Photovoltaic panels are unbroken clean and debris free.For new kind or redevelopments, photovoltaic installing costs go forth be start out as they can be incorporated with other plants.Photovoltaic reduces your C footmark.Alternative energy systems can better overall marking for E nergy Performance Certificates which form a mandatory component of the Home Information Packs HIPS which house Sellerss now have to roll up.Alternative, renewable energy systems increase the value and saleability of your prop.Photovoltaic panels are low noise.Photovoltaic panels can be used to supplement air current energy.SuitabilityPhotovoltaic panels should be placed so that they are South or in the first place South confronting to derive most benefit from them, on an country where they will non blockade or overshadowed by edifices or trees. If they are in the spook for allot of the clip their end product will be less.Whilst traditionally these have been available in panels, Photovoltaic is now besides available in a signifier which mimics traditional tiles, and besides as units which can be used in the building of conservatories where they can besides supply shadiness.For larger Photovoltaic installings you may necessitate be aftering permission.A whizz system design will supply you with the best options for your single demands. We are able to plan and provide off gridiron options which can let you to be self capable for electricity, heating and hot H2O.Photovoltaics ( pvs ) which convert sunshine straight into electricity, have many attractive characteristics. They are quiet, reliable, have no moving parts, can be installed really rapidly, and can be size to power anything from a individual visible radiation to an full community. tho they are rather expensive, with current costs of 20 per to 40 us cents per kWh for grid connected systems ( compared to 3 to 5 cents per kWh for coal or raw(a) gas systems ) . Although costs have make down well in recent old ages and will go on to drop, PVs are soon nowhere near cost competitory with fossil fuels. ( l.3,4,5 par.2 pg 39 Renewable Energy Policy by Paul Komor )Evacuated Tube CollectorsEvacuated cellular tubings are made up of a series of modular tubings mounted in parallel.these tubings can be adde d to or taken away in abidance to hot H2O demands. These aggregators consist of rows of parallel see through blur tubings in which each contain an absorber tubing. In an evacuated tubing aggregator the sunshine passes through the glass tubing and heats up the absorber tubing by agencies of a heat money changer. The thickened fluid so flows back into the can of the heat pipe. The pipes must be placed at a certain angle so that the method of vaporisation and compression will work to the best of it s capableness.Advantages of Evacuated Tube CollectorsThe tubings can be separately replaced open without particular tools and the H2O does non hold to be drained from the solar hot H2O system.The E.C.T ( evacuated tubing aggregators ) work like a thermos and keep up to 93 % of the Sun heat in and lose mingled with merely 3-5 % of the heat gained.The E.C.T will work in cold conditions up to -40 grades Fahrenheit.Geothermal Heat PumpsA geothermic heat pump is a primordial warming and/or chilling system that pumps heat to or from the land. The geothermic heat pump uses the heat from the land as a beginning of heat ( in the colder months ) or a heat storage ( in the hot months ) . This design takes advantage of the sensible temperatures in the land to better cleverness and cut down the costs of runing warming and chilling systems.The systems work a batch like a icebox or an air conditioner. Heat pumps can reassign heat from cold countries to warm countries, against the inbred way of tally, or the systems can better the natural rush of heat from a warm country to a cool one. But unlike air-source heat pumps, which preponderantly transfers heat to or from the colder outside air, a land beginning heat pump takes its heat from the land. The fact that belowground temperatures are oft more changeless means that geothermic heat pumps are much more energy efficient than air beginning heat pumps. What a land beginning heat pump does is it extracts the heat from the land in the colder months ( for heating ) and transfers the heat back into the land in the warmer months ( for chilling ) .During the summer months, the process can be changed so that the heat pump takes the heat from the edifice and channels it to the land.In order for a land beginning heat pump to work it must hold a heat money changer connected with the land to take or scatter heat. Direct exchange systems move refrigerating resistance, closed eyehole systems use a combination of anti-freeze and H2O, where as natural groundwater is used in unfastened cringle systems. Geothermal electricity has one compelling advantage over air current and solar. It s non limited by the caprices of the air current or the Sun and can therefore provide beggarly burden electricity. Typical geothermic workss operate at capacity factors of 90 per centum, compared to weave s 25 to 30 per centum. This means that a geothermic power works is presenting near to its maximum end product most of the clip. This ma kes it a much more valuable and reliable beginning of electricity .Wind TurbinesWhat are suggestion turbines and how do they work?Wind turbines are the most common of the alternate energies, they are efficaciously the modern equivalent of the old fashioned windmill.The rotors or blades of the air current turbines are placed on a pole high up, where they need comparatively small air current to turn them. The whirling blades of the turbines create electricity by revolving a lasting magnet to bring forth electricity, which can be used for a assortment of intents.The more electricity required the bigger the air current turbines required. When most people theorize of air current turbines they think of the really big commercial air current conjure ups, with really high, really big air current turbines. Wind turbines are now available on a much smaller graduated table for interior(prenominal) homes, and are capable of bring forthing sufficient electricity for the family, and dependent upon size, there is besides the possibility of selling extra electricity to the grid.Advantages of Wind TurbinesWind turbines are environmentally friendly.Once installed air current turbines provide free electricity.Wind turbines are a more constituted engineering, they are a cheaper option and have a lower payback period.During periods of good air current, electricity produced by Wind turbines and non used or stored can be sold to electricity companies.Our new coevals air current turbines non merely look different, they are quieter and more efficient. Their light-weight and compact design allows them to be located on edifice roofs.SuitabilityIn the chief, wind turbines are used for supplementing an bing electricity supply.You will necessitate a meet environment to be able to turn up the turbine, as far off as possible from trees and edifices.You will necessitate a fit base or pedestal on which to mount the air current turbine.Wind turbines merely generate electricity while there is sufficient air current so a uninterrupted supply of electricity can non be chance upond.If there is no bing supply of electricity, electricity will both necessitate to be stored for unproductive periods, and/or used in concurrence with another beginning of renewable energy.Not all locations are suited for air current turbines, the placement of the turbine and the surrounding environment are critical for optimal public presentation.Any local planning limitations need to be taken history of in England and Wales be aftering permission is needed to put in a little air current turbine.Wind turbines are best suited for rural belongingss, farms, community edifices, industrial estates, schools etc.The cardinal thought behind wind power is appealingly plain the air current turns the blades, the blades turn the generator, and the generator makes electricity. The world of class is much more complex. Today s air current turbines are technically sophisticated and finely engineered, integ rating the latest progresss in stuffs, microprocessor controls, and computational fluid kineticss ( for blade design ) ( line 5, par 2, pg 34 Renewable Energy Policy by Paul Komor )Biomass Most common procedure of biomass yearning is firing of timber. In developed states replacing oil or coal-burning cardinal heating boiler with a wood firing one can salvage between 20 and 60 % on warming measures, because wood costs less than oil or coal. At the same clip wood firing units are eco-friendly. They merely emit the same sum of the nursery gas CO2 as the tree absorbed when it was turning. So burning wood does non lend to planetary heating. Since wood contains less south than oil does, less sulfate is discharged into the ambiance. This means less deadly rain and less acid in the environment . ( This is the sentiment of the industries of the frohling alliance who manufacture biomass boilers. )Biomass can be converted to different signifiers of energy including heat, power, combine heat and power or liquid bio fuels.Direct burning of biomass stuff. Some touch on of biomass may be carried out anterior to combustion e.g. sorting, splintering, pelleting or drying.The chemical processes-where solid biomass is upgraded to a liquid or a gas by pyrolisis and gasification.Decomposition of solid biomass to liquid or gaseous fuels by procedures such as anaerobiotic and agitation.Whilst the writer was researching biomass energy he came across a really interesting article on the importance of biomass energy in Germany this is what it states Biomass is one of the most of import and most diverse renewable energy beginnings in Germany . Quote taken from ( hypertext transfer protocol //www.bmu.de/english/renewable_energy/ medical student/42722.php ) .As Germany is one of the taking states in sustainability in the European Union the writer thought that this would be rather good to the thesis. Biomass can be used in solid, gas and liquid signifier to make electricity and h eat and to bring forth bio-fuels. It is estimated that of the entire concluding energy created from renewable beginnings in the year stoping 2007 biomass contributed 69 % this is a astonishing figure when you take that more than two tierces of renewable energy came from biomass. Harmonizing to the concluding energy intake bio energy is accountable for about 4 per centum of entire electricity rule, merely over 6 per centum of entire heat required and 7.6 per centum of entire fuel needed. The usage of bio-energy is to be farther expanded. The proficient potency required for this is available in Germany. In the agricultural and forestry welkin, portion of the 17 billion hectares of agricultural land ( approx. 12 million hectares of cultivable land and approx. 5 million hectares of grassland ) and of the 11 million hectares of forest are available for biomass production.By far the most of import beginning of bioenergy in Germany is wood. About one one-fourth of Germany s wood pro duction ( lower superior line of production ) is used for bring forthing energy, about three quarters are used as stuff. pine wood and used wood are besides used for energy production. Model computations by the federal official Research Centre for Forestry and Forest Products have shown that there are militias to spread out the usage of wood without impairing sustainable forestry. quotation mark taken from ( hypertext transfer protocol //www.bmu.de/english/renewable_energy/doc/42722.php ) this quotation mark shows how the German people are utilizing at that place natural resources to farther heighten the solution to fossil fuel jobs. sparingally biomass energy has become rather important in Germany with about 100,000 occupations beness created in the bio energy sector, specifically in the agricultural and forestry subdivisions, where they are fabricating stuffs such as pellets, wood french friess or biogas from biomass. The entire net incomes from the bio-energy sector came to 10.23 billion euro in 2007.( Information was taken from the web site of the Federal Minister for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety of the German political sympathies ) rainfall HarvestingRainwater result-festival home is the collection and maintaining of rainwater. It can supply H2O for imbibing, for farm animate beings, for irrigating land and for H2O to replenish acquifies in the procedure know as groundwater recharge. In some instances rainwater is the lone sensible or available H2O beginning. The systems are really suited in countries where the rainwater is greater than 200mm per twelvemonth. There are two types of reaping land H2O harvest home and roof harvest home.Land H2O reaping systems feed H2O from a prepared catchment country into a storage country. They are normally merely considered in countries where rainwater is highly limited and extra supplies of H2O are missing or non available at all.They are really suited for little communities. If good designed, land catchments systems can roll up big sums of rainwater.Roof reaping systems feed rainwater that falls onto a roof into storage through a system of troughs and pipes. The initial bustle of rainwater after a dry enchantment should non be stored as it could be polluted with soil, bird dungs etc. Roof troughs must hold sufficient incline to avoid any opportunity of a back log of H2O. The troughs must be strong plenty, and large plenty to transport maximal flows. In order to cut down the hazard of taint and fungus development the storage armored combat vehicles should be covered. In order for the Rainwater reaping systems to be kept hygienic and clean they require regular cleansing and care this will protract the good working order of the systems.Rainwater reaping in towns or metropoliss can be really utile for many grounds. One of the chief grounds rainwater reaping can be apply in metropoliss is to provide excess H2O for the metropolis s demands, to refill flora to bett er the scenic beauty of a town/city, to increase the land H2O tabular array through unreal recharge, to hush up urban implosion therapy and to better the quality of groundwater. Another ground that rainwater harvest home can be utile for is in families the H2O can be used to flush lavatories and for rinsing apparels, sometimes it can be more good to utilize rainwater to make laundry as some country the brinies H2O may hold hints of calcium hydrated oxide which could consequence the lavation machine over clip. It can besides be used for lavishing or bathing. It will necessitate extremist violet intercession prior to utilize for imbibing.Chapter 6 Detailed Description of Traditional Energy SystemsIn this chapter the writer decided to look at the stuffs used to heat the traditional types of heating systems.GasHow Was raw(a) Gas Formed? The chief ingredient in natural gas is methane, a gas ( or compound ) calm of one C atom and four H atoms. Millions of old ages agone, the remains of workss and animate beings ( diatoms ) decayed and built up in thick beds. This unpleasant-smelling skirmish from workss and animate beings is called organic stuff it was one time alive. everyplace clip, the sand and silt changed to sway, covered the organic stuff, and trapped it beneath the stone. compact and heat changed some of this organic stuff into coal, some into oil ( crude oil ) , and some into natural gas bantam bubbles of odourless gas. Advantages of intrinsic GasThe procedure of firing natural gas is cleaner than firing other fossil fuels. It releases fewer emanations of sulfur, C, and N than oil or coal. As natural gas is one of the cleaner fuels it has become much more public in recent old ages.Disadvantages of Natural GasNatural gas may be cleaner than other fossil fuels but like other fogey fuel, the combustion of natural gas will bring forth C dioxide. Carbon dioxide is the 2nd biggest nursery gas lending to the nursery consequence. Natural gas besides ha s a negative consequence on the environment while it is being manufactured, polishing and transporting.OilOil was created from the remains of workss and animate beings that existed 1000000s of old ages ago in a maritime environment.Heating oil is a liquid with viscid characteristics, it is a combustible liquid crude oil merchandise used as a fuel for heating systems or boilers in edificesHeating oil is really similar to diesel fuel, and both are classified as distillations. It consists of a mixture of crude oil and hydrocarbonsDisadvantages of OilOil merchandises help us achieve many things. We use them oil merchandises to fuel many of our conveyance systems such as cars, planes trains etc to heat our places, and to develop merchandises such as medical specialties and plastics. nevertheless though oil merchandises make life easier discovering, fabrication, transporting, and the usage of them can victimize the environment through H2O and air pollution.Harmful gases and emanation s are produced from firing Oil merchandises.Some of these harmful emanations includeParticulate affair ( PM )Carbon dioxide ( CO2 )Sulfur dioxide ( SO2 )Carbon monoxide ( CO )About all of these byproducts of firing oil have a negative consequence on peoples wellness and the environmentCarbon dioxide is a nursery gas, which is of class a beginning of planetary heating.SO2 is cognize to causes causes respiratory unwellnesss and bosom diseases and besides acerb rain, which is damaging to animate beings and workss that live in H2O.Particulate affair is known to lend to the undermentioned wellness jobs lung malignant neoplastic disease, emphysema, asthma and inveterate bronchitis.CoalCoal is a readily combustible black or brown-black sedimentary stone. It is quiet chiefly of C along with fickle sums of other elements, chiefly S, H, O and N.Coal starts out as a movie of works bosom builds up at the underside of a organic structure of H2O. In order for the process to go on the works sub stance affair must be sheltered from biodegradation and oxidation, normally by clay or acidic H2O. This trapped atmospheric C in the land in huge peat bogs that finally were covered over and profoundly buried by deposits under which they metamorphosed into coal.Coal, a fogy fuel, is the largest beginning of energy for the coevals of electricity worldwide, every bit good as one of the largest worldwide anthropogenic beginnings of C dioxide emanations. Coal is the largest emmittant of C dioxide of all the fossil fuels it emits about bifurcate the sum of Co2 that natural gas emits. Coal is extracted from the land by excavation, either belowground or in unfastened cavities. Coal is chiefly used as a solid fuel to make heat and electricity.What are some of the disadvantages with excavation coal? Without proper attention, excavation can hold a negative impact on ecosystems and H2O quality and alter landscapes and scenic positions. Debris that chokes mountain watercourses can ensue from come forward excavation like mountaintop remotion, and acidic H2O can run out from abandoned belowground mines.Today reconstructing the land damaged by surface excavation is an of import portion of the excavation procedure. Because excavation activities frequently come into contact with H2O resources, coal manufacturers must besides travel to great attempts to forestall harm to land and surface Waterss.What Emissions and By merchandises Are Produced from burn Coal?The burning of coal produces several types of emanations that adversely affect the environment. The louver chief emanations associated with coal ingestion in the energy sector areSulfur dioxide ( SO2 ) , which has been link up to acid rain and increased incidence of respiratory unwellnesssNitrogen oxides ( NOx ) , which have been linked to the formation of acerb rain and photochemical smogParticulates, which have been linked to the formation of acerb rain and increased incidence of respiratory unwellnesssCarbon dioxide ( CO2 ) , which is the primary nursery gas emanation from energy usage. Chapter 7 Analysis of QuestionnaireIntroductionIn this chapter the writer will measure some of the sentiments of householders from Scotland and Ireland. These people represent the householders who have installed renewable energy systems in there houses of, so their sentiments will give an honest position of the systems. The questionnaire will assist me compare my ain beliefs on the renewable energy systems with the people most accustomed to them.The questionnaire was sent out with a cover varsity letter as shown in Appendix A. There were 40 questionnaire sent out. 30 respondents sent their questionnaires back. I posted the questionnaires with a return cast address envelope included.Question 1How satisfied are you with sing the following points?Merchandise, overall quality, value, installing ( first usage ) , usage experience and after purchase service.The intent of this inquiry is to see whether the people who have purchased renewable energy systems are happy in the above countries. The consequences of the study try on that big proportion of the people who have installed renewable energy systems in their places have been preponderantly happy with there purchase.Question 2Overall, how satisfied are you with the merchandise?The consequences of this study are reasonably conclusive in turn piece of cake that the mass of the people surveyed are either really satisfied or highly satisfied with there merchandise.Question 3Compared to other merchandises that are available, would you state that the merchandise is?The intent of this inquiry is to see whether the people who have purchased renewable energy systems are happy with there merchandises compared to traditional energy systems. expression at the consequences of the questionnaire it is obvious to see that the people who have had the renewable systems installed are happy with there purchase with a bulk of 53 % contingency the new system t o be better and 27 % of the people.Question 4Would you travel back to your old system?The intent of this inquiry was to happen out what per centum of the people surveyed would be happy to travel back to there authentic system. Once once more the consequences of the study were reasonably conclusive with the bulk of the people more than happy to remain with there renewable systems.Question 5How likely are you to urge this merchandise to others?The intent of this inquiry was to happen out what per centum of the people surveyed would be happy to urge this merchandise to there friends and household.The consequences of this inquiry shows that out of 30 people who answered the questionnaire a bulk of 54 % of people would be willing to urge a renewable energy system to people they know, with 30 % of the people being open.Question 6establish on your experience with this sort of merchandise, how likely are you to put in a similar merchandise in your house once more?The consequences of this i nquiry are really concise with a bulk of 73 % likely or highly likely to put in a similar renewable energy system in the hereafter and a minority of 23 % who would non be willing to put in another renewable energy system.Chapter 8 Case StudyAs portion of the instance survey chapter the writer has looked at the new E.U. statute law brought in on the 23rd January 2008 entitled Renewable Energy in the twenty-first blow edifice a more sustainable hereafter . This enterprise is aimed at property Renewable energy history for 20 per centum of the brotherhoods overall Energy ingestion by 2020. As portion of this instance analyze the writer looked at how four different states viz. Austria, Germany, Ireland and the United Kingdom intend to run into foremost the interim marks and secondly there overall mark by 2020. The writer will besides be looking at the different grant strategies grants for renewable energy in home(prenominal)ated places awarded by different states indoors the Europe an Union. First the writer will establish the statute law given by the EU below and demo what marks have to be met by each state in the European brotherhood and the interim marks set out for each state listed below.Member provinces marksOn 23 January 2008, theCommission put frontward a project for a newdirective on renewable energies to replace the bing steps adopted in 2001.EU authoritiess and the European Parliament reached a wide understanding on the aim on 9 declination 2008, which was so adopted by the Parliament in a plenary ballot on 17 DecemberHarmonizing to the text, each member stateshouldincrease its usage ofrenewable energies such as solar, air current or hydro -in a bidto encouragement the E.U. s portion from 8.5 % of the axis s energy mix today to 20 % by 2020.A 10 % usage of green fuelsin transportis besides included within the overall EU aim.To get through the marks, every state in the 27-member axis is required to increase its portion of renewables by 5.5 % f rom 2005 degrees, with the staying addition calculated on the footing of per capita gross domestic merchandise ( GDP ) Interim marksThe Commission alsoproposes aseries of interim marks, in order to guarantee steady advancement towards the 2020 marks.25 % norm between 2011 and2012 35 % norm between 2013 and 2014 45 % norm between 2015 and 2016, and 65 % norm between 2017 and 2018.OesterreichsIn researching the proposals of each of the four states the writer intended to look at, the writer found it highly hard to happen a finalised proposal as the finalised proposals do non hold to be submitted to the European Union until June of 2010. the best the writer was able to make was research proposals forwarded by MPs to each authorities.The Austrian authorities set up a plan to analyze the effects of holding to make 34 % renewable energy of the entire energy end product by 2020 and the impact this will hold on the environment, the economic system and on society. In order to analyze the inq uiries posed, the undertaking comprises two chief blocks the development of the simulation notional account e3.at which integrates energy, economic and environmental facets in one individual and consistent modeling model, and its application within a participatory scenario patterning procedure. After the creative activity of the simulation theoretical account and the development of the scenarios, the scenarios had to be implemented into the theoretical account.The undertaking consists ofAn economic theoretical account, dwelling of an input-output theoretical account, the system of national histories ( SNA ) , and the labour market.An energy theoretical account, exemplifying the proportionship between economic development, energy usage and CO2 emanations. It comprises energy demand, transmutation and supply.A resource theoretical account, apportioning the domestic and imported stuff inputs to those sectors responsible for the material extraction.The theoretical account acts as a footing for quantifying the effects of different scenarios of a more thought-provoking usage of renewable energy in Austria.GermanyThe German authorities has estimated that they will non merely make the mark by 2020 but beat it by.7 % the authorities. The German authorities have done up a tabular array gauging how much per centum of energy they are traveling to do from renewables from 2010 to 2020.Irish republicHarmonizing to the Irish authoritiess office of communicating, Marine and renewables white paper papers, presenting a sustainable hereafter for Ireland the authorities intends to make the followersEncourage biomass in power coevals by back uping biomass engineering transportation, investing in specific biomass R & A D and tackling of supply side ( biomass feedstock ) issues They will extinguish the dedicated oil demand for the power coevals sector by 2020 while reexamining the strategical necessity for double fire at gas workss They will discover 15 % of electricity inge stion from renewable beginnings by 2010through bing and new undertakings under the refit strategy They will get 33 % of electricity ingestion from renewable beginnings by 2020 through support for research, development, commercialisation, and engineering transportation every bit good as grid connexions and be aftering issues for offshore air current, ocean engineering and biomass They will restrict Irelands dependance on natural gas for power coevals to about 50 % by 2020.They will guarantee the necessary transmittal system planning and development in support of renewables by EirGrid SONI and the Regulators in the all-island model.Besides in the white paper papers was a estimated tabular array of the electricity coevals between 2005 and 2020.United KingdomIn relation to the United Kingdom the writer was able to come across a proposal by Mr John Hutton MP sketching his proposals to assist the United Kingdom make its recommended renewable energy mark of 15 % by 2020. The proposals are as follows Extending and raising the degree of the renewables duty to promote 30-35 % of our electricity to come from renewable beginnings by 2020.Introducing a new fiscal inducement utensil to promote a really big addition in renewable heat.Widening more effectual fiscal support for heat and electricity microgeneration engineerings in places and other edifices.Helping the planning system to present.Guaranting appropriate inducements for new electricity grid substructure.Exploiting the full potency of energy from waste by sing farther limitations on land make fulling biomass.Necessitating all biofuels to run into rigorous sustainability standards to restrict inauspicious impacts on nutrient monetary values, and other societal and environmental concerns.Promoting the development of new renewable engineerings by guaranting effectual support curiously where the UK has the possible to be a market leader.Maximizing the benefits for UK concern by render a clear long-run policy model. Taken from ( hypertext transfer protocol //www.energyportal.eu/component/content/article/6175.html )Chapter 8.2 Grant allotmentAs portion of this thesis the writer researched the grants available to householders, who wished to put in renewable energy systems in there homes. The writer decided to look at the grants available in the four European states he had looked at for the E.U enterprise viz. Austria, Germany, Ireland and the United Kingdom. The writer thought that this would be really good as the chief ground for non put ining renewable energy systems in peoples places was the monetary value of it, but if the grants available can be significant plenty to cut the monetary value of installing down to a minimal so there should be no ground for non put ining renewable energy systems.OesterreichsSome European states, such as Germany, Ireland, Portugal and Spain, already established renewable edifice codifications on a national degree. Austria has chosen a different way. Alternativel y of an amendment to the bing edifice codifications, which would do a portion of renewable energy mandatary in new or refurbished edifices, Austria agreed on a ordinance which is linked to the lodging aid programmes. The model for this political instrument is an agreement ( dissever 15a B-VG ) between the national and the province authoritiess to cut down the nursery gas emanations of the edifice sector. It stipulates that all Austrian provinces implement regulations for paying lodging aid merely if the warming system of the house fulfils certain ecological demands. efficacious oil/gas boilers with a solar thermal system are eligible in most provinces, every bit good as wood boilers, heat pumps and territory warming. 7 of 9 Austrian provinces already approved these demands last twelvemonth.Austrian provinces that implemented demands for an ecological warming system for new and refurbished residential edifices, desiring to gain from lodging aid. In most instances, the householder ca n take between different heating engineerings, one of them being an efficient oil/gas boiler combined with a solar thermal system.GermanyHarmonizing to the German authorities they are apportioning 350 million euros each twelvemonth to in the signifier of grants to householders for the installing of renewable energy systems such as solar panels, biomass boilers and heat pumps. However the German authorities expects most householders to take solar panels. Under the new ordinances, solar panels will necessitate to hold an country equal to 4 % of the entire country of a house.The German authorities has besides brought in a statute law that all new places built in Germany from January 1st 2009 will be required to put in renewable energy heating systems under a new jurisprudence called the Renewable Energies Heating Law ( Erneubare-Energien-Warmegesetz ) . Harmonizing to the new statute law 14 % of a family s entire energy ingestion must be met by renewable energy beginnings. For bing hou ses from 2010 frontward the recommendations are that 10 % of the warming and domestic supplies will hold to be provided by integrating renewable energy. For old houses, 10 % of the warming and domestic hot H2O energy demands will hold to be provided by renewables. Fines of up to 500,000 euros will confront anyone who fails to exchange their warming systems. ( information for this was taken from the German federal ministry for the environment, nature preservation and atomic safety of the German authorities )Irish republicIn Ireland the Irish authorities have been giving out grants to place proprietors since the 27thof March 2006 under the grant strategy the applier.United KingdomThe United Kingdom besides allocates grants to householders who are put ining renewable engineering in there houses but certain criterions have to be met first these criterions are as followsThe grants are merely available to place that haveInsulated the whole of the loft of the belongings to run into curren t edifice ordinances e.g. 270mm of mineral wool loft insulant or suited option.Installed pit wall insularity where possible.Fitted low energy visible radiation bulbs in all appropriate light adjustments.Have thermostatic controls and a coder or timer for your warming.In many of the grants available the grants will besides pay for 30 % of the installing fee.So in decision with the grants in each of the four states researched covering at least 30 % of the installing fee if non more there should be no ground for non put ining renewable engineering systems.DecisionThe chief purpose of this thesis is to place whether the renewable energy systems could work every bit if non better than the traditional warming systems. The 2nd purpose was to bring out if the renewable energy systems be more cost effectual and significantly more environmentally friendly than the bing warming systems. In order to carry through these purposes and to prove the hypothesis of Is Renewable energy in domestic ho uses more good than traditional heating systems? the writer set out specific aims to accomplish these ends.In the of all time altering universe of renewable energy it is apparent that the progresss and on-going progresss in the field of renewable energy agencies that better engineering will be bought at a more competitory monetary value. This will portend good for both the consumer and the environment with the consumer being able to buy renewable engineering cheaper than he would a traditional dodo fuel he/she will be cutting down on the nursery gas emanations that are fouling the environment every twenty-four hours. To demo one illustration of this Evacuated cellular tubings are perchance the best solar thermic devices on the market right now but they are besides the dearest but with progresss in engineering ( e.t.c s ) will go cheaper doing them more popular.Another decision that the writer came to while he was researching for this thesis is that non merely is the use of fossil fu els earnestly harming our environment but they are besides running out at an dismaying rate which means if we do nt move every bit shortly as possible to rectify our errors we will non merely have created irreversible harm to our environment, by breathing harmful gases into the ambiance but we will hold sucked dry all of the earths dodo fuels. It is rather clear to see this go oning now all we have to make is look at the surge monetary values of oil, gas and coal e.g. monetary values have risen 230 % for Gas since February 2007. Coal has seen a, monolithic leap with a 400 % addition in the last 10 old ages, from merely ?23 a ton in 1999 to ?100 a ton in 2008. figures taken from ( Caron alternative energy web site. )Consequences from the who installed renewable energy systems in there places were more than happy questionnaires, proved that 74 % of the people that were surveyed with either the heat generated or the electricity generated and the comfort provided by the renewable energ y systems. As the bulk of the people surveyed either switched from traditional heating systems to renewable energy systems or were brought up in life in a house with traditional heating systems the writer thought that this was a unfeigned contemplation of the position of the people most affected.RecommendationsThere should be more accent put on the fabrication of renewable energy systems as the writer noted earlier if there were more renewable devices supplied so the overall monetary value would travel down as it is unbiased marketing supply and demand Although the European Union have brought in a new directive where by 2020 40 % of the corporate European states energy should be renewable energy, the writer believes that each authorities in each state should make its uttermost to excel this demand.The authorities of each state should convey in a statute law that all new houses have to run into a certain criterion of renewable end product to advance both the sale and usage of rene wable energy. The authorities should besides see presenting stricter clip frames for enforcement of this statute law.Governments could besides give greater grants to advance the sale of renewable systems and revenue enhancement an over usage of fossil fuels.

Industry Averages and Financial Ratios Paper Essay

Industry averages and financial proportion reports determine the financial health of an organization. Solvent, efficiency, and profitability be comp atomic number 18d by lynchpin financial indicators and proportions that measure several companies within the same industry. The publicly traded friendship chosen by Team A is ExxonMobil. The largest publicly traded international petroleum and gas community in the world. ExxonMobil makes products that drive modern transportation, power cities, lube industry, and provide petrochemical building blocks that lead to thousands of consumer goods (ExxonMobil, 2013-2015). In this paper, Team A go out analyze the industry statics and financial proportions of ExxonMobil. Critically adopt lean principles to bring forth a more efficient formation. Discuss what a Just-In-Time pedigree system would have if adopted. Comp are the symmetrys for ExxonMobil with the appropriate industry proportions shown in the D&B Report. coiffure Code of Classifi cationThe Standard Classification Code (SIC) was created in 1937 as four digit codes the goernment assigns to all U.S. companies to help post the primary establishment. These codes were developed to promote the presentation, move inion, and depth psychology of selective information. It also helps simplify par and uniformity of the collection of statistical data, which are d angiotensin-converting enzyme by national government agencies, private organizations, and state agencies. Each SIC that is assigned has a meaning. The SIC system arrays the economy into 11 divisions, that are divided into 83 2-digit major groups, that are further subdivided into 416 3-digit industry groups, and finally disaggregated into 1,005 4-digit industries. The primary SIC code is determined by the highest revenue department within the company that prior year (Siccode.com, 2015). The SIC for ExxonMobil is 2911 Petroleum Refining(U. S. Department of Labor, n. d.).ExxonMobil Inventory SystemsExxon roving operates on the LIFO entry system rule for their argument. LIFO, meaning expire in, first out, is an inventory system in which goods that are produced last are used first. LIFO is a very common accounting method that galore(postnominal) gas and oil industry owners have used over quantify. Most companies use the LIFO inventory system for tax purposes when appeal are raising, hence gas and oil prices. In the event that Exxon brisk switched to the alone in time inventory, its possible that Exxon unstable could issue up short on their inventory. Just in time inventory is used to reduce cost by only purchasing inventory when needed. Since gas and oil is such a huge necessity for consumers, the just time inventory method would not be beneficial to Exxon Mobile (Stock Analysis on Net, 2015). key out Financial Ratios for ExxonMobilAccording to Farlex (2015), financial ratios are defined as a financial analysis comparison in which certain financial statement items are divided by one another to reveal their logical interrelationships. Financial ratios can be class to reveal movements in profitability, solvency, and efficiency ratios. Solvency ratios measure a companys ability to pay its debt and other obligations. favorableness ratios exhibit the manner in which a business has effectuateed its operational point of view. efficacy ratios are normally utilized to examine how a business internally uses its as tidy sums and liabilities (Investopedia, 2015). The sweep below acknowledges some key financial ratio for separately of the earlier mentioned categories for ExxonMobil. All of these ratios have been computed and derived from annual information for the 2010- 2011 fiscal years.Exxon Mobils execution of instrument Comparison to Industry AveragesThe Dun & Bradstreet Key Business Ratios data set for 2911 Refining Petroleum had a sample of 24 in 2010 and a sample of 31 in 2011 to help compare Exxons ratios to its competitors. This data set is divided into three categories, this paper compares only three ratios for each category Solvency Ratios Quick Ratio, Current Ratio, and Current Liabilities to Inventory Ratio Efficiency Ratios compendium Period Ratio, Assets to Sales Ratio, and Accounts Payable to Sales Ratio Profitability Ratios Return on Sales Ratio, Return on Assets, and Return on Net Worth.Solvency Ratios AnalysisThe quick ratio for Exxon in 2010 and 2011 are 0.64 times, which fall between the median and lower consecrate of the industry averages on the D & B chart for both years. This shows that ExxonMobil potbelly to be among the average in its industry, therefore it will be a less risky investment. The authoritative ratio in 2010 and 2011 is 0.94 times, in which 2010 falls in the lower grip and 2011 falls between the median and lower fly the coop of the industry averages. This let offs that in 2010 and 2011 Exxon only had $0.94 in up-to-date assets to cover every dollar of current liabilities. The current liabiliti es to inventory ratio illustrates how much a company matters on its inventory to help pay its debt. As the above chart shows, Exxons current liabilities to inventory ratio for 2010 is 482.68% and for 2011 is 515.87%, which falls on the lower range of industry averages on the D & B chart. This reveals that Exxon does not have to depend on its inventory to help pay its debts. (Creditmanagemen iirld.com, 2006-2015).Efficiency Ratios AnalysisCollection period ratio is used in analyzing how fast a business can increase its cash supplies. Exxons collection period ratio for 2010 is 28.24 days and 2011 is 26.60 days. When comparing this ratio to the industry averages on the D & B chart, Exxon falls between the median and lower ranges. This informs potential investors that Exxon is able to collect on its receivables within 30 days of its initial receipt. The assets to gross sales ratio for Exxon in 2010 is 0.82 and 0.71 in 2011. This ratio is very low compared to the industry averages, whi ch in term means that Exxon is selling more than it can safely fulfill by its assets. The accounts payable to sales ratio for Exxon is 0.91 in 2010 and 0.79 in 2011. These two ratios fall in the hurrying range of the D & B chart, this is full-grown for Exxon because it states that Exxon might be using its suppliers to help fund the operations during this time period (Creditmanagementworld.com, 2006-2015).Profitability Ratio AnalysisThe return on sales (Profit Margin) ratio in 2010 is 13.82% and in 2011 is 15.06%, for Exxon. This ratio when compared to its industry averages lies in the upper range on the D & B chart. This determines that Exxon is better prepared to cargo deck any downtrends brought upon by adverse conditions. Exxons return on assets (ROA) ratio for 2010 is 11.37% and 12.96% in 2011. It falls on the upper range of the D & B chart. This illustrates that Exxon is ran very well and has a strong return on its assets. Exxons return on net worth for 2010 is 23.67% and fo r 2011 is 27.26%. This simply means that Exxon has make a profit on its investment for these two years. Through this analysis we find that Exxon stays close to the upper percentage ratios, when compared to the industry averages. This ratio makes ExxonMobil Corporation an ideal investing opportunity (Creditmanagementworld.com, 2006-2015).ConclusionDuring these two years, many companies were still feeling the effects of the economic recession. This can possibly explain why some of Exxons ratios are on the lower range of its industry averages. As potential investor, this team feels that the financial health of ExxonMobil Corporation in 2010 and 2011 is within the range of the industry averages. Despite what these ratio determine, Exxon is a viable business entity with great potential forinvesting.ReferencesBusiness Dictionary. (2015). Financial Ratios. Retrieved from http//www.businessdictionary.com/ exposition/financial-ratios.html Creditmanagementworld.com. (2006-2015). Business Fina ncial Analysis Using Ratios. Retrieved from http//www.creditmanagementworld.com/analysis/analysis04.html Dun & Bradstreet. (n.d.). Key Business Ratios. Retrieved from http//www.mergentkbr.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/index.php/reports/industry ExxonMobil. (2013-2015). About Us. Retrieved from http//corporate.exxonmobil.com/en/company/about- us/ history/overview Farlex. (2013-2015). Solvency Ratios. Retrieved from http//financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Solvency+Ratio Google Finance. (2015). ExxonMobil Corporation Annual Financial Statements. Retrieved from https//www.google.com/finance?q=big boardXOM&fstype=ii Investopedia. (2015). Efficiency Ratios. Retrieved from http//www.investopedia.com/terms/e/efficiencyratio.asp Stock Analysis on Net. (2015). Retrieved from http//www.stock-analysis-on.net/NYSE/Company/Exxon-Mobil-Corp/Analysis/Inventory U. S. Department of Labor. (n. d.). 2911 Petroleum Refining. Retrieved from https//www.osha.gov/pls/imis/sic_manual.display?id=627& tab=verbal description Worldwide Business Dictionary. (2015). What is a SIC Code?. Retrieved from http//siccode.com/en/pages/what-is-a-sic-code

LEDC and MEDC Economic and Social Issues

The nation in the UK is forever ageing, with heap living until a much older age today. One economic effect of this is that pensioners pull up stakes, in time, forthnumber children. This testament mean that there forget be a generation between certain ages that has a very low population and once this age band becomes part of the running(a) population, there will be significantly less tax revenues for the government. This will indirectly mend the economy. In addition, there may be a spacious deficit, where the about universe pay into the economy is less than the amount being paid out.Because pensioners require wellnessc ar, disability benefits and state pensions, there may be a lot of money going out to the high number of pensioners and because there be much much older dependant the great unwashed the working population cannot produce becoming make sure there is stability. This could besides mean there is a great burden on the wellness service. When pile ar olde r, they require much much healthcare, and so the health services in the UK will occupy more pressure as there are so galore(postnominal) another(prenominal) older hoi polloi. There are besides many social costs.One is that with more people become older, the death rank will be high, but the birth rate remains low as there are so many older people and very few people are offspring enough to give birth. This will mean the population could decrease. Additionally, when there are more elderly people, the healthcare system cannot cope, there will be a sudden need for more old peoples homes and this will posture pressure on the NHS. However, there are some positive economic impacts. There will be a growing market for products such as stair lifts and wheel chairs.Also, companies like hotels will vex a wider spread of profits throughout the year because pensioners. There may also be an increase in private healthcare profits because many elderly people who are rich can afford to ha ve private healthcare. There is also an increased life foretaste and subvert death rates in the country as more people are living and for a long time. Caatinga in north brazil nut is a countrified area that is home to mostly poor people. The people living in Caatinga are moving to much more industrialised cities like Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro to the south of Brazil.The main reasons people are leaving the rural areas are the inadequacy of employment opportunities, the main source of income in Caatinga is reasoned estate jobs and other agricultural jobs. This is then made worse by the habitual droughts in the area and other natural disasters. Another reason people are moving is because of large families that have very little land to share amongst the sons. This is caused by a high birth rate in rural areas like Caatinga. Overgrazing of the land will lead to bad crops being produced and soil that is useless.This then leads to starvation, resulting from either too little outp ut for the people of the area or crop failure. This has then lead to more families sell land off and moving away. The land that they sell off may be to richer farmers that have tractors and other mechanized equipment. This then causes a reducing in the number of jobs available in the area. Farming is also herculean work with long hours and little pay. In LEDCs lack of money will mean a lack of farming equipment. Caatinga also experiences many droughts and so the hard physical condition of the area will cause a loss of jobs or solid food in the area.Caatinga also has a lack of services like schools and hospitals this will be hard for families to cope with because of youth children. Finally, the government are more likely to invest in urban areas rather than rural areas like Caatinga. The reasons that people move to the city and urban areas are because, they seek break-dance jobs that pay much more money, jobs in Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro are much develop paid than in Caatinga . They are housed better and have a better quality of life, they have a better medical treatment and more services like schools and they have enough food.The UK, which is in Western Europe, is an MEDC. The average life hope in the UK is 77 years. Burkina Faso is in Central Africa and is an LEDC. The life expectancy there is 48 years. firstly the infant mortality rate in Burkina Faso is 170 per 1000. This means out of every 1000 babies born, 170 of them are likely to die. This proves that there is a paradox in Burkina Faso because in the UK the Infant mortality rate is completely 6 per 1000. This clearly shows how the healthcare in Burkina Faso is poor and so they are more likely to die younger.Another factor is the Average small calorie intake per day. In Burkina faso it is 2387 calories, whereas in the UK it is 3317 calories. Burkina Fasos figure is lower than what is needed to live. This shows how more people are starving and dieing younger. Similarly, the amount of the popul ation that is malnourished in Burkina Faso is 30%, whereas in the UK it is 2%. This illustrates a growing problem of food in Burkina Faso. The lack of available food will mean more people are dieing and many more young people are struggling to survive.The number of years for the UKs population to double is 433 years, in compare to Burkina Faso whos population is said to double in 23 years This will cause large problems with resources and may start off a large phase of famine and disease. This will keep the Life expectancy low. The addition to healthcare in Burkina Faso is less than 50% this clearly indicates a problem in health with many people and the majority of the population not being able to have healthcare. This will keep the life expectancy low, compared to the UK which has 100% access to healthcare for everyone.With an average income of only $230 per person, Burkina faso is likely to have problems of poverty and lack of food and clean water. This means most families are li kely to die young because no money will at last be the cause of deaths, against the UK, with an average income of i18,000. These factors clearly show that Burkina faso has a very low life expectancy, many people are dieing as a result of these poor living standards. Whereas the UK has a high life expectancy because the overall quality of life is better.